Chapter 9 Flashcards
executive power
the power to execute the laws (or, synonymously, to administer the laws)
secretary of state
The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government and the head of the Department of State.
attorney general
represents the United States in legal matters generally and gives advice and opinions to the President and to the heads of the executive departments of the Government when so requested
agencies
a business or organization established to provide a particular service, typically one that involves organizing transactions between two other parties.
bureaus
the smallest unit of adminstration
bureaucracy
a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.
clientele
person, business, or organization that receives services from a government agency. This can include federal, state, county, and city government agencies
clientele-oriented departments
known to be committed to the well-being of their respective clientele groups, rather than to the health and prosperity of the nation as a whole
inner cabinet
heads of the functional departments who are concerned about the general condition of the nation
outer cabinet
the heads of the clientele-oriented departments
Brownlow Committee (committee on administrative management)
to recommend improvements in the organizations of the executive branch
executive office of the president
consists of the immediate staff to the President, along with entities such as the Office of Management and Budget and the Office of the United States Trade Representative.
office of management and budget
a United States federal agency that helps the president manage the federal budget and oversee the executive branch. OMB is the largest office in the Executive Office of the President.
regulation
rules made by government officials that direct business owners and managers about how they should run their companies
rules and regulations
delegated legislative power and having the force of law
quasi-legislative
“kind of legislative” power
quasi-judicial
“kind of judicial” power
economic regulation
regulation of finances
independent regulatory commissions
multi-member bodies that would be independent of day-to-day presidential supervision
independent executive agency
not housed in a department and is headed by one administrator who reports directly to the president
social regulation
regulation pertaining to the safety of consumers, workers, etc. to the condition of the environment or some other noneconomic value
public enterprises
businesses that are owned and controlled by the government. They are intended to operate in the public interest.
government corporations
a company that is owned by the government but operates like a private business. They are created to provide public services, not to make a profit.
red tape
excessive bureaucracy or adherence to rules and formalities, especially in public business
partisan appointment
the president or one of his top subordinates appoints such individuals based on arbitrary(random) preference
patronage
the act of giving support, financial aid, or other benefits to someone or something in exchange for loyalty or support. It can also refer to the power to give jobs or favors
spoils
the advantages, profits, or goods that are obtained as a result of one’s actions, situation, or position
confirmation
senate approval
merit
the quality of being good or deserving of praise or reward
federal civil service
the non-military workforce of the United States federal government. It includes employees who work in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
hierarchy
a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.
chain of command
a system that shows who reports to whom in an organization. It’s a hierarchy of authority that’s often used in businesses, the military, and other organizations.
unity of command
deals with the fact that all individuals have a single designated supervisor they report to.
division of labor
the separation of work into different tasks, with each task assigned to a different person or group. It can occur in economic systems or social structures.
standard operating procedures
a set of instructions that guide employees through routine tasks. SOPs help ensure that tasks are performed consistently and accurately.
oversight
the action of overseeing something
clientele groups
a specific group of people or organizations that directly benefit from the policies and services provided by a particular government agency, often actively advocating for that agency’s interests due to their vested stake in its operations; essentially, they are the primary beneficiaries of an agency’s work and are considered its “clients.”.
clientele capture
also known as regulatory capture, is when a government agency is influenced by the interests of a specific group, or clientele, instead of the public interest.
going native
when a government official or appointed person becomes too closely aligned with the interests of the department or agency they are working in, prioritizing its goals over the broader goals of the government or the public, essentially “acting like a native” to the organization rather than an outsider with a broader perspective; it often implies a potential conflict of interest.
