Chapter 13 Flashcards
Reserved powers clause
“The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”
concurrent powers
powers shared by the federal government and state governments
powers of the governors
the traditional powers usually listed explicitely in state constitutions, are similar to the powers of the president
line-item veto
whereby governors can veto parts of legislation, but not the entire bill
the president does not have this power
Dillon’s Rule
local governments are creations of the state, subject to the authority and oversight of individual states, not the federal government
counties
subdivisions of states delivering state services at the local level including, but not limited to record-keeping, licensing, transportation, economic development, law enforcement, water management, elections, planning and zoning, child protection, education, and parks and recreation
commission
served as the legislative, policymaking entity for the county as well as the executive entity
commissioner-administrator or commission-manageer system
whereby the elected commission chooses a professional manager or administrator to oversee the day-to-day operations of the county
commission-executive
whereby the county executive is a separately-elected official functioning similarly to a county manager or adminsitrator
sole commissioner model
the commissioner is a single person who functions as both the legislative and executive body for the county
consolidated governments
deliver services as one government, rather than dupoicating city and county services, theoretically incfreasing efficiency of service delievery and saving money
townships
subdivisions of counties, providing similar services to people living in mostly rural, unincorporated areas.
cities
vary in size and population
are “incorporated” or established by receiving a charter from the state legislatures
charter
the basic document that defines the organization, powers, functions and essential procedures of the city government
home rule
can make minor changes to their charters without receiving approval from the state legislature, most notably adjusting the local income tax rate
mayor-council form of government
the mayor fu ctions as the chief executive and the city council functions as the legislative body
commission system
the commission functions as both the legislative and executive entity
council-manager or council-administrator system
where the elected city council functions as the legislative policymaking body but selects a professional manager or administrator to oversee the day-to-day operation of the city
town meeting form of government
exists only in New England
the entire electorate is allowed to participate in an annual meeting, the primary purpose of which is to pass the budget for the upcoming fiscal year.
councils of government (COGS)
voluntary associations of communitiesin metropelitanareas and exist to address issues and concerns that may affect several jurisdictions in a given region, such aas land use, traffic and congestion, transportation, water use, and emergency managment.
school districts
an important unit of local government that make policy for schools in a given jurisdiction, such as a county, township, or city
special districts
created to regulate and manage specific services such as water and resources, fire prevention, emergency services, transportation, and even stadiums
