Chapter 9 Flashcards

Question

Divergent thinking

Answer 1

Capacity to generate many different solutions to the same problem Outside the box thinking Uses of an object test

Answer 2

Capacity to find a single best answer to a problem

Answer 3

-develop an objective psychological test that would separate slow learners from other children without having to rely on the subjective judgements of teachers -designed the first intelligence test: a diagnostic tool designed to measure overall thinking ability -Most now agreed that intelligence consists of the abilities to -Reason abstractly -learn to adapt to novel, environmental circumstances -acquire knowledge and benefit from experience

Answer 4

-fluid intelligence flows into crystallized intelligence overtime -fluid intelligence likely declines in advanced ageing -crystallize intelligence might stay relatively stable, even increase in advanced ageing

Answer 5

-idea that people very markedly in their ability levels across different domains of intellectual skill -gardeners frames of mind or ways of thinking about the world most proponent of multiple intelligences insist that G is only one component of intelligence -for Gardner each frame of mind is different and fully independent intelligence and its own right

Answer 6

-challenge the idea that intelligence is just one thing (like IQ) instead he proposed that there are multiple distinct types of intelligence like musical logical public can use aesthetic, etc. He proposed criteria for what makes a mental ability qualify as a separate in intelligence 1. A person that has brain damage in a specific area and loses only one ability while other stay intact that suggests that ability is independent. 2. Exceptional talent if someone has extra ordinary skills in one area, but not others that supports the idea of different intelligence. 3. Evolutionary usefulness: the intelligence should help us survive or reproduce. It must make sense from an evolutionary standpoint.

Answer 7

-analytical intelligence is the ability to read some logically or booksmart play a role in test performance -practical intelligence is the ability to solve real world problems, or streetsmart, may affect job performance and social interaction -creative intelligence is the ability to come up with noble and effective answers. May also affect job performance. -practical intelligence is not independent of G -we all possess strengths and weaknesses, but they might not be as distinct as the arris by the model

Answer 8

-age corresponding to the average individuals performance on an intelligence test

Answer 9

-expression of a person’s IQ relative to his or her same age peers -A key aspect of the Stanford by net test was to compare performance to population norms -now each person score is compared to what is normal for their age group

Answer 10

-most commonly used IQ test for adults today consists of 15 subset used to generate five scores -Overall IQ (on which continent is France) -verbal comprehension (why do people need birth certificates?) -Perceptual reasoning -working memory -processing speed

Answer 11

-Abstract reasoning measure that doesn’t depend on language, and as often believed to be less influenced by cultural factors than other IQ tests are (ravens progressive,matrices) geometrical patterns in a sequence that start off easy and become increasingly difficult (progressive) -excellent measure of G

Answer 12

-in adults scores tend to be highly stable over long periods of time -prior to age 3 though IQ tests are very unstable and poor predictors of adult IQ -environment deprivation may override the effects of genes on intelligence -the result of adoption studies indicate that the IQ of adopted children tend to be similar to the IQs of their biological parents offering evidence of genetic influence

Answer 13

-Condition characterized by an onset before adulthood and IQ below about 70 and an inability to engage in adequate daily functioning -4 levels: mild, moderate, severe and profound -the more severe than intellectual disability, the less likely it has to run in families

Answer 14

-refer to the top 2% of IQ score scores -Large portion occupies certain professions like doctors, lawyers, engineers professors -term study of intelligent children termites showed that intelligent people were not more likely to burn out or have mental illness -A genius has genetic factors that play a role but so does practice and dedication

Answer 15

Those that think IQ is fixed, tend to take less academic risks challenging themselves less -they think if they do really bad on a class they probably means that they’re stupid and they can’t do anything about that in contrast people who believe that intelligence is a flexible process that can increase overtime tend to take more academic risks. They think if I do really poorly in a class, I can still do better next time.

Answer 16

-finding that states average IQ scores have been rising at a rate of approximately three points per decade -these environmental influences could be 1. Increased test sophistication: people have become more experienced at taking tests 2. Increase complexity of the modern world: modern schooling is also placing more emphasis on abstract reasoning, especially reasoning that involves geometrical objects, which play a major role in IQ test. Because of new technology were also forced to process information more quickly. 3. Better nutrition: people are better fed than ever, and the rates of severe malnutrition in many parts not all of the world are declining. 4. Changes at home in school: families has become smaller, allowing parents to devote more time to their children, and parents have more access to intellectual resources now more than ever in addition, children and adolescent spend more years in school than previous generations

Answer 17

-Females tend to do better on some verbal tasks and recognizing emotion in others -males tend to do better on spatial ability, skills like mental rotation and geography

Answer 18

-extent to which the variability of a trait with a group is genetically influenced Ex: asian Americans, or women -the differences within groups are due to genetics

Answer 19

-Extent to which differences in a trait between groups is genetically influenced Ex: between men and women or Caucasians and Asian Americans -the differences between groups are due to environment

Answer 20

-outside the box thinking -capacity to generate many different solutions to the same problem “ uses of an object test Ex: participants must generate as many uses for an ordinary object like a paper clip or a brick as they can

Answer 21

-capacity to find the single best answer to a problem -creativity is only mildly correlated with IQ

Answer 22

-I believe you understand our own emotions and those of others and to apply this information to our lives