Chapter 9

Question 1

What are the two components in language and describe them

Answer 1

Production: When you produce languag such as speaking or signing
Comprehension: When you understand language as writing, reading or speaking

Question 2

What are the 4 blocks of language

Answer 2

Morphemes: the smallest building block of language
Schematics: the meaning of words
Syntex: Words that convey meanings
Pragmatics Practical aspects of language (pace and gesture)

Question 3

What are 6 steps of vocab learning
(p,c,b,fw,ts,p)

Answer 3

Prevocal learning: 2-4 months learns about the conceptions of sounds
Cooing: 2 months: makes sounds that aren’t cries
Babbling: 6 months making sounds such as dada or mama
First words: Can comprehend more than speak
Telegraphic Speech: 2 yrs old can string 1-2 words
Pragmatic: 3 can apply practical language structure

Question 4

Phoneme

Answer 4

smallest unit of sound (c/a/t

Question 5

Bronca’s aphasia

Answer 5

neurological impairment that slurs speech

Question 6

Wernicks area

Answer 6

part of the lobe used for language comprehension

Question 7

Wenicks aphasia

Answer 7

when a person cant understand language

Question 8

Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

Answer 8

The more complex concepts we have about an idea the more detailed our ideas are about that concept

Question 9

Nativist Theory (Noah Chomsky)

Answer 9

Humans are born with predispositions to learn grammar rules

Question 10

Behaviourist Theory (Skinner)

Answer 10

Children learn language the same way they learn everything else
Evidence against suggest it is harder to learn language later in life

Question 11

Interactionist theory (Bates)

Answer 11

Both biology and experience matter in development of language

Question 12

Cognitive Control

Answer 12

the ability to direct thought and control to learn something new

Question 13

Executive function

Answer 13

Brains ability to control and manage mental processing of info

Question 14

dysexcutive syndrome

Answer 14

The inability to control direct mental activities( damage in the frontal cortex

Question 15

Problem solving

Answer 15

Determining how we achieve a goal

Question 16

How do we define our problems?

Answer 16

Well defined problems: Problems like math use certain patterns to solve
Ill-defined problems: Are more difficult to solve such as if our roommate is messy how do we deal with that

Question 17

Heuristics

Answer 17

a shortcut thinking of strategy that tends to be riskier than algorithm strategies
1. working backwards
2. Forming subgoals
3.Searching for analogies

Question 18

functional fixedness

Answer 18

the tendency to view objects as only having one function

Question 19

bounded rationality

Answer 19

Our ability to make decisions is bounded by the lack of info, time constraints or emotional aspects to the probelm

Question 20

metacognition

Answer 20

thinking about our own thoughts
(How we might approach a task)

Question 21

theory of mind

Answer 21

being aware of our own mental states

Question 22

OCD

Answer 22

a mental disorder associated with abnormal anxiety provoking thoughts that lead to ritualistic behaviours

Question 23

Schizophrenia

Answer 23

mental disorder characterized by disorganized thoughts, lack of contact with reality

Question 24

algorithm strategy to problem solving

Answer 24

Is a methodical logical rule that guarantees a solution to a problem