Chapter 9 Flashcards
What are the two components in language and describe them
Production: When you produce languag such as speaking or signing
Comprehension: When you understand language as writing, reading or speaking
What are the 4 blocks of language
Morphemes: the smallest building block of language
Schematics: the meaning of words
Syntex: Words that convey meanings
Pragmatics Practical aspects of language (pace and gesture)
What are 6 steps of vocab learning
(p,c,b,fw,ts,p)
Prevocal learning: 2-4 months learns about the conceptions of sounds
Cooing: 2 months: makes sounds that aren’t cries
Babbling: 6 months making sounds such as dada or mama
First words: Can comprehend more than speak
Telegraphic Speech: 2 yrs old can string 1-2 words
Pragmatic: 3 can apply practical language structure
Phoneme
smallest unit of sound (c/a/t
Bronca’s aphasia
neurological impairment that slurs speech
Wernicks area
part of the lobe used for language comprehension
Wenicks aphasia
when a person cant understand language
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
The more complex concepts we have about an idea the more detailed our ideas are about that concept
Nativist Theory (Noah Chomsky)
Humans are born with predispositions to learn grammar rules
Behaviourist Theory (Skinner)
Children learn language the same way they learn everything else
Evidence against suggest it is harder to learn language later in life
Interactionist theory (Bates)
Both biology and experience matter in development of language
Cognitive Control
the ability to direct thought and control to learn something new
Executive function
Brains ability to control and manage mental processing of info
dysexcutive syndrome
The inability to control direct mental activities( damage in the frontal cortex
Problem solving
Determining how we achieve a goal
How do we define our problems?
Well defined problems: Problems like math use certain patterns to solve
Ill-defined problems: Are more difficult to solve such as if our roommate is messy how do we deal with that
Heuristics
a shortcut thinking of strategy that tends to be riskier than algorithm strategies
1. working backwards
2. Forming subgoals
3.Searching for analogies
functional fixedness
the tendency to view objects as only having one function
bounded rationality
Our ability to make decisions is bounded by the lack of info, time constraints or emotional aspects to the probelm
metacognition
thinking about our own thoughts
(How we might approach a task)
theory of mind
being aware of our own mental states
OCD
a mental disorder associated with abnormal anxiety provoking thoughts that lead to ritualistic behaviours
Schizophrenia
mental disorder characterized by disorganized thoughts, lack of contact with reality
algorithm strategy to problem solving
Is a methodical logical rule that guarantees a solution to a problem
