Chapter 9

Question 1

Communism

Answer 1

1. A political-economic system in which all wealth and property are shared as to eliminate exploitation oppression, and ultimately the need for political institution, such as the state.
2. A political ideology that advocates such system.

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

The economic system of a society made up of technology (the means of production) and class relations between people (the relations of production)

Question 3

Superstructure

Answer 3

All non-economic institutions in a society, (for example, religion, culture, and national identity.) These ideas and values derive from the base and serve to legitimize the current system of exploitation.

Question 4

Bourgeoisie

Answer 4

The property owning class

Question 5

Dialectical Materialism

Answer 5

process of historical change that is not evolutionary but revolutionary; the existing base and super structure (thesis) would come into conflict with new technological innovations generating growing a position to the existing order (antithesis) this would culminate in revolution overthrowing the old base and super structure (synthesis.)

Question 6

Proletariat

Answer 6

The working class

Question 7

Vanguard of the proletariat

Answer 7

Lenin’s argument than an elite communist party would have to carry out revolution because, as a result of false consciousness, historical conditions will not automatically lead to capitalism demise.

Question 8

Politburo

Answer 8

The top policy making and executive body of a communist party

Question 9

Central Committee

Answer 9

The legislator-like body of a communist party

Question 10

Nomenklatura

Answer 10

Politically sensitive or influential jobs in the state, society, or economy that were staffed by people chosen or approved by the communist party

Question 11

Party-state

Answer 11

A political system in which power flows directly from the ruling political party, (usually a communist party) to the state by passing government structures

Question 12

Central Planning

Answer 12

A communist economic system in which the state explicitly allocates resources by planning what should be produced, in what amounts, the final prices of goods, and where they should be sold.

Question 13

Glasnost

Answer 13

Literally, openness; the policy of political liberalization implemented in the Soviet Union in the late 1980s.

Question 14

Perestroika

Answer 14

Literally, reconstructing; the policy of political and economic liberalization implemented in the Soviet union in the late 1980s

Question 15

Shock Therapy

Answer 15

A process of rapid marketization