Chapter 3 Flashcards
Anarchism
A political ideology that stresses the elimination of the state and private property as a way to achieve both freedom and equality for all.
Citizenship
An individual’s relationship to the state, wherein citizens swear allegiance to that state and the state in return, is obligated to provide rights to those citizens
Communism
1) A political-economic system in which all wealth and property are shared so as to eliminate exploration, oppression, and, ultimately, the need for political institutions such as the state.
2) a political ideology that advocates such a system
Conservatives
Those with a political attitude that is skeptical of change and supports the current order.
Culture
Basic institutions that define a society.
Ethnic conflict
A conflict in which different ethnic groups struggle to achieve certain political or economic goals at each other’s expense
Ethnic identity/ ethnicity
Specific attributes and societal institutions that make one group of people culturally different from others
Fascism
A political ideology that asserts the superiority and inferiority of different groups of people and stresses a low degree of both freedom and equality in order to achieve a powerful state.
Liberal democracy
A political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights.
Liberalism
1) A political attitude that favors evolutionary transformations
2) an ideology and political system that favors a limited state role in society and the economy and places a high priority on individual political and economic freedom.
Liberals
Those with a political attitude that favors evolutionary change and who believe that existing institutions can be instruments of positive change.
Nation
A group that desires self-government through an independent state.
Nation-state
A state encompassing one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent.
National conflict
A conflict in which one or more groups within a country develop clear aspirations for political independence, clashing with others as a result.
National identity
A sense of belonging to a nation and a belief in its political aspirations.
Nationalism
Pride in one’s people and the belief that they have a unique political destiny.
Patriotism
Pride in one’s state
Political attitude
Description of one’s views regarding the speed and method with which political changes should take place in a given society.
Political Culture
The basic norms for political activity in a society.
Political ideology
The basic values held by an individual about the fundamental goals of politics or the ideal balance of freedom and equality.
Radicals
Those with a political attitude that favors dramatic, often revolutionary change
Reactionaries
Those who seek to restore the institutions of a real or an imagined earlier order.
Social democracy/ socialism
1) A political-economic system in which freedom and equality are balanced through the state’s management of the economy and the provision of social expenditures.
2) A political ideology that advocated for such a system
Society
Complex human organization; a collection of people bound by shared institutions that define how human relations should be conducted.
Fundamentalism
A view of religion as absolute and inerrant and that it should be legally enforced by making faith the sovereign authority.
