Chapter 3

Question 1

Anarchism

Answer 1

A political ideology that stresses the elimination of the state and private property as a way to achieve both freedom and equality for all.

Question 2

Citizenship

Answer 2

An individual’s relationship to the state, wherein citizens swear allegiance to that state and the state in return, is obligated to provide rights to those citizens

Question 3

Communism

Answer 3

1) A political-economic system in which all wealth and property are shared so as to eliminate exploration, oppression, and, ultimately, the need for political institutions such as the state.

2) a political ideology that advocates such a system

Question 4

Conservatives

Answer 4

Those with a political attitude that is skeptical of change and supports the current order.

Question 5

Culture

Answer 5

Basic institutions that define a society.

Question 6

Ethnic conflict

Answer 6

A conflict in which different ethnic groups struggle to achieve certain political or economic goals at each other’s expense

Question 7

Ethnic identity/ ethnicity

Answer 7

Specific attributes and societal institutions that make one group of people culturally different from others

Question 8

Fascism

Answer 8

A political ideology that asserts the superiority and inferiority of different groups of people and stresses a low degree of both freedom and equality in order to achieve a powerful state.

Question 9

Liberal democracy

Answer 9

A political system that promotes participation, competition, and liberty and emphasizes individual freedom and civil rights.

Question 10

Liberalism

Answer 10

1) A political attitude that favors evolutionary transformations

2) an ideology and political system that favors a limited state role in society and the economy and places a high priority on individual political and economic freedom.

Question 11

Liberals

Answer 11

Those with a political attitude that favors evolutionary change and who believe that existing institutions can be instruments of positive change.

Question 12

Nation

Answer 12

A group that desires self-government through an independent state.

Question 13

Nation-state

Answer 13

A state encompassing one dominant nation that it claims to embody and represent.

Question 14

National conflict

Answer 14

A conflict in which one or more groups within a country develop clear aspirations for political independence, clashing with others as a result.

Question 15

National identity

Answer 15

A sense of belonging to a nation and a belief in its political aspirations.

Question 16

Nationalism

Answer 16

Pride in one’s people and the belief that they have a unique political destiny.

Question 17

Patriotism

Answer 17

Pride in one’s state

Question 18

Political attitude

Answer 18

Description of one’s views regarding the speed and method with which political changes should take place in a given society.

Question 19

Political Culture

Answer 19

The basic norms for political activity in a society.

Question 20

Political ideology

Answer 20

The basic values held by an individual about the fundamental goals of politics or the ideal balance of freedom and equality.

Question 21

Radicals

Answer 21

Those with a political attitude that favors dramatic, often revolutionary change

Question 22

Reactionaries

Answer 22

Those who seek to restore the institutions of a real or an imagined earlier order.

Question 23

Social democracy/ socialism

Answer 23

1) A political-economic system in which freedom and equality are balanced through the state’s management of the economy and the provision of social expenditures.

2) A political ideology that advocated for such a system

Question 24

Society

Answer 24

Complex human organization; a collection of people bound by shared institutions that define how human relations should be conducted.

Question 25

Fundamentalism

Answer 25

A view of religion as absolute and inerrant and that it should be legally enforced by making faith the sovereign authority.