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Unit 8 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

The ___ is the basic unit of body structure

A

Cell

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2
Q

What building block of the body and needs food, water, and oxygen to live and function?

A

Cells

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3
Q

Groups of cells with similar function form _____

A

tissues

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4
Q

Groups of tissues form _____

A

organs

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5
Q

The process of cell division is called ____

A

mitosis

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6
Q

What is the control center of the cell?

A

nucleus

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7
Q

What is the outer covering of the cell called?

A

cell membrane

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8
Q

_____ tissue covers internal & external body surfaces

A

Epithelial

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9
Q

What tissue covers the skin, hair, nails, and glands?

A

Epithelial

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9
Q

Which tissue lines the nose, mouth, & respiratory tract?

A

Epithelial tissue

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10
Q

______ tissue anchors, connects, and supports other tissues

A

Connective

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11
Q

Bones, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage are ______ tissue

A

connective

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12
Q

Blood is a form of ______ tissue

A

connective

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13
Q

_______ tissue stretches and contracts to let the body move

A

Muscle

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14
Q

What tissue receives and carries impulses to the brain and back to the body parts?

A

Nerve tissue

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15
Q

______ are formed by organs that work together to perform special functions

A

Systems

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16
Q

What is the largest system in our body?

A

The integumentary System

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17
Q

What body system protects our body and is a “covering”?

A

Integumentary system

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18
Q

What kind of tissues and glands does the integumentary system have?

A

epithelial, connective, nerve tissues; oil & sweat glands

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19
Q

What are the 2 skin layers?

A

epidermis & dermis

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20
Q

Which layer of the skin consists of living & dead cells, contain pigment which gives skin color, but has no blood vessels?

A

Epidermis

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21
Q

What is the outer layer of skin called?

A

Epidermis

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22
Q

Which layer of skin has few nerve endings?

A

Epidermis

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23
Q

Which layer of skin contain hair roots, and blood vessels, and nerves?

A

Dermis

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24
Which layer of skin are sweat & oil glands located?
Dermis
25
Oil glands, sweat glands, hair, and nails are skin __________
appendages
26
What gland helps regulate body temperature?
Sweat glands (sudoriferous glands)
27
What body system prevents microorganisms and other substances from entering the body?
Integumentary system
28
What body system protects organs from injury?
Integumentary system
29
There are ____ bones in the human body
206
30
What body system provides the framework, lets the body move, also protects the organs and gives the body shape?
Musculo-Skeletal System
31
________ contains blood vessels that supply bone cells with O2 and nutrients
Periosteum
32
What are the four types of bones?
* Long bone * Short bone * Flat bone * Irregular bone
33
____ bones bear the body's weight
Long
34
What are long bones?
Leg bones
35
____ bones allow skill & ease in movement
Short
36
Bones in the wrists, fingers, ankles, and toes are ____ bones
Short
37
____ bones protect the organs
Flat
38
What are examples of flat bones?
Ribs, skull, pelvic bones, and shoulder blades
39
What bone allows various degrees of movement and flexibility?
Irregular bones
40
_____ bones are the vertebrae in the spinal column
Irregular
41
_____ are hard, rigid structures
Bones
42
_______ and _______ are needed for bone formation and strength
Calcium and phosphorus
43
Bones are covered by a membrane called ________
Periosteum
44
What is stored within the center of the bone?
Bone marrow
45
What is formed in bone marrow?
Blood cells
46
A _____ is the point at which 2 or more bones meet. ____ allow movement
Joints
47
______ is connective tissue at the end of the long bones
cartilage
48
What cushions the joint so that the bone ends do not rub together?
Cartilage
49
________ lines the joints and secretes ______ fluid
synovial membrane; synovial fluid
50
What acts as a lubricant so the joints can move smoothly?
synovial fluid
51
Bones are held together at the joint by strong bands of connective tissue called _______
ligaments
52
What are the three major types of joints?
* Ball-and-socket joint * A hinge joint * A pivot joint
53
Joints move smoothly due to ______ fluid
synovial
54
Which joint allows turning from side to side?
pivot joint
55
A ____ joint connects the skull to the spine
pivot
56
Which joint allows movement in all directions?
Ball & socket joint
57
What are examples of ball-and-socket joints?
Hips & shoulder
58
Which joint allows movement in 1 direction?
hinge joint
59
The elbow is a ____ joint
hinge
60
The body has over ____ muscles
500
61
Name the 3 functions of muscles
* Movement of body parts * Maintenance of posture or muscle tone * Production of body heat
62
_____ muscles are consciously controlled
Voluntary
63
T/F:Muscles attached to bones are involuntary
False: Muscles attached to bones are voluntary
64
Skeletal muscles are: a. voluntary muscles b. involuntary muscles c. cardiac muscle d. independent muscles
a. voluntary muscles
65
T/F: Skeletal muscles are striated
True
66
______ muscles work automatically and you cannot control them
involuntary
67
Which muscles control the action of the stomach, intestines, blood vessels, and other body organs?
Involuntary
68
Muscles that are striped or streaked are ______
striated
69
T/F: Cardiac muscles are voluntary
FALSE: Involuntary
70
_______ circular bands of muscle fibers that constrict a passage way or they close a natural body opening.
Sphincters
71
What are the different sphincters in our body?
1. Lower esophageal sphincter 2. Pyloric sphincter 3. Anal Sphincter 4. Urethral sphincter
72
What sphincter is an opening from the stomach to the small intestine?
Pyloric sphincter
73
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
1. Central 2. Peripheral
74
What body system controls, directs, and coordinates body functions?
Nervous System
75
What does the central nervous system consist of?
Brain & spinal cord
76
The nerves that spread throughout the body make up the ______ nervous system
Peripheral
77
A _______ is anything that excites or causes a body part to function, become active, or respond.
Stimulus
78
When the body responds to a stimulus, this is called?
A reflex
78
What part of the brain is the center of thought and intelligence?
Cerebrum
79
What is the largest part of the brain called?
Cerebrum
80
How long is the spinal cord?
17 to 18 inches long
81
The brain and spinal cord are covered and protected by 3 layers of connective tissue called _______
menings
82
What does the brainstem contain?
Midbrain, pons, and medulla
83
The cranial & spinal nerve are part of which nervous system?
Peripheral nervous system
84
_____ nerve conduct impulses between the brain and the head, neck, chest, and abdomen
Cranial
85
Which nerves carry impulses from the skin and extremities?
Spinal nerves
86
T/F: The medulla controls heart rate, breathing, blood vessel size, swallowing, coughing, and vomiting
True
87
The autonomic nervous system is part of the ______ nervous system
Peripheral
88
Name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous sytem
* Sympathetic * Parasympathetic
89
What is the function of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?
* Sympathetic: Speeds up functions, angry, scared, excited * Parasympathetic: Slows functions, relax
90
The outside of the cerebrum is called the ______ ______
cerebral cortex
91
Name the three layers of connective tissue that cover & protect the brain & spinal cord
* Dura mater * Arachnoid * Pia Mater
92
What is the smallest organ in the body?
The eyes
93
Name the three layers of the eyes from outer to inner.
* Sclera * Choroid * Retina
94
The eye sits in a bony protective part called the _____
orbit
95
The ear functions in _____ and _____
Hearing and Balance
96
Name the three parts of the ear
* External * Middle * Inner
97
The external ear is called ______ or ______
pinna or auricle
98
Sound waves are guided through the external ear into the ______ ______
auditory canal
99
Auditory canal secrete a waxy substance called ______
Cerumen
100
What separates the external and middle ear?
Eardrum/Tympanic membrane
101
The auditory canal extends about __ inch into the eardrum
1 inch
102
Name the three ossicle bones
* Malleus * Incus * Stapes

Unit 8 (3 decks)

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