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Unit 8 > Chapter 40 > Flashcards

Chapter 40 Flashcards

1
Q

A new growth of cells or a mass clump of them is called a?

A

Tumor

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2
Q

What does benign mean?

A

Do NOT spread to other body parts

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3
Q

_______ tumor invade and destroy nearby tissues. They can spread to other body parts

A

Malignant

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4
Q

If cancer is not treated and controlled, cancer cells break off the tumor and travel to other body parts, this is called…?

A

Metastasis

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5
Q

What spreads cancer to other body parts?

A

Metastasis

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6
Q

Treatment for cancer depends on the tumor…?

A
  • Type
  • Size
  • If it has spread
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7
Q

What are common cancer treatments?

A
  1. Surgery
  2. Chemotherapy
  3. Radiation therapy
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8
Q

What are the two arthritis?

A
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Rheumadtoid arthritis (RA)
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9
Q

Which arthritis occurs on both sides of the body?

A

RA

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10
Q

Cartilage at the ends of bones is damaged and wears away, causing bones to rub together, which arthritis is this?

A

Osteoarthritis

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11
Q

_____ is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the lining of the joints, causing inflammation and painful swelling

A

RA

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12
Q

What are the 5 risk factors for arthritis?

A
  1. Aging
  2. Over-weight
  3. Biological sex
  4. Joint injury
  5. Family history
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13
Q

T/F: Arthritis is more common in men

A

False: It’s women

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14
Q

Osteoarthritis and RA have no _____

A

Cure

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15
Q

What is it called when a person gets a surgical replacement of a joint?

A

Arthroplasty

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16
Q

The bone becomes porous and brittle, causing the bones to become fragile and may break easily, this is?

A

Osteoporosis

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17
Q

What vitamin supplements should be order for a person with osteoporosis?

A

Vitamin D & Calcium

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18
Q

What is the first sign of osteoporosis?

A

A broken bone

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19
Q

A ______ is a broken bone

A

fracture

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20
Q

A person has a broken bone that has come through the skin, what fracture is this?

A

Open fracture (compound)

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21
Q

A person has a broken bone but the skin is intact, what fracture is this?

A

Closed fracture (simple)

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22
Q

Healing a fracture can take __ to __ weeks or longer depending on ____

A
  • 6 to 8 weeks
  • depending on age
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23
Q

For healing fractures, bone ends are brought into and held in normal position, what is this called?

A

Reduction & fixation

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24
Q

What is the difference between reduction and fixation?

A
  • Reduction: bone is moved back into place
  • Fixation: Bone is held in place
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25
What is the difference between closed & open reduction?
In open reduction, the bone is surgically exposed. Closed the bone is NOT exposed
26
What is the difference between external & internal fixation?
* External: Pins, wires and screws on outside of skin * Internal: Pins, wires, screws are surgically placed
27
A plaster cast dries in ___ to ___ hours
24 to 48 hours
28
What is applied to the cast first to protect the skin?
Stockinette & padding
29
With ______, a steady pull from 2 directions keeps the bone in place
Traction
30
What is avoided after hip surgery?
* Adduction * Internal & external rotation * Severe hip flexion
31
What are severe post-operative problems after hip surgery?
* UTI * Pneumonia * Thrombi * Constipation * Pressure injuries
32
An artificial replacement for a missing body part is called?
Prosthesis
33
A person has *gangrene* when there is death of _____
tissue
34
What two things can cause loss of limb?
Amputation & gangrene
35
For hip fracture care, you want to keep the leg _______ at all times
abducted
36
What's another term for stroke?
brain attack or cerebrovascular accident
37
A stroke can occur when these 2 things happen:
* Blood vessel in brain bursts * Blood clot blocks a blood vessel in brain
38
Nausea, vomiting, seizures, or loss of consciousness are signs & symptoms of a _______
stroke
39
What is the precursor to a stroke?
Transient Ischemic attack (TIA)
40
a brief episode of neurological dysfunction resulting from an interruption in the blood supply to the brain or the eye. This is called?
(TIA) Transient Ischemic attack
41
During a stroke, the persons left side of the face is drooping, this is?
TIA
42
What are three effects from a stroke?
1. Hemiplegia 2. Dysphagia 3. Aphasia
43
Paralysis on 1 side of the body is called?
Hemiplegia
44
________ disease is when nerve cells do not produce enough dopamine
Parkinson's disease
45
What disease is a progressive disorder affecting movement?
Parkinson's
46
What are the main signs of parkinson's disease?
* Tremors * Rigid, stiff muscles * Slow movement * Stooped posture * Impaired balance
47
For stroke care measures, how should you position the patient?
Side-lying to prevent aspiration
48
What position should the bed be in for stroke care measures?
Semi-fowlers
49
Which sclerosis affects the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary muscles?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ASL)
50
ASL usually strikes persons between __ to __ years of age
55 to 75
51
Muscles weaken, waste away, and twitch. Over time, the brain cannot start or conrol voluntary movements. What sclerosis is this?
(ALS) or Lou Gehrig's disease
52
Paraplegia occurs from ______ & ______ injuries in the spinal cord
* Lumbar * Thoracic
53
When a person has a *cervical* injury in their spinal cord, this can cause...?
Quadriplegia
54
When do symptoms of multiple sclerosis start?
ages 20 to 40
55
Changes in level of consciousness causes the person to be unresponsive but can be briefly aroused by a strong stimulus (such as pain), this person is in a state of ______
stupor
56
A systolic pressure between ____ and ___ mm Hg signals hypertension
130 to 139
57
A dystolic pressure between __ and __ mmHg may signal hypertension
80 and 89
58
The coronary arteries become hardened and narrow. The heart muscles gets less blood and O2, what disease is this?
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
59
What is atherosclerosis?
Plaque build up in artery walls
60
What are the major complications of CAD?
* Angina * Heart attack * heart failure * irregular heart beats * sudden death
61
What is it called when a person has chest pain from reduced blood flow to part of the heart muscle?
Angina
62
What are the signs & symptoms of Myocardial Infarction from CAD?
* Chest pain * Back, neck, jaw, shoulder, stomach, or arm pain * Cold sweat * Nausea, Vomiting
63
A person who experiences ____ should dissolve nitroglycerin under the tongue.
angina
64
___ causes part of the heart muscle to die from sudden blockage of blood flow in a coronary artery
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
65
______ refers to the heart muscle, _____ means tissue death
* Myocardial * Infarction
66
____ occurs when the weakened heart cannot pump normally
(CHF) Congestive heart failure
67
____ causes the blood to back up, tissue congestion, & heart failure due to over-worked heart muscle.
(CHF) Congestive heart failure
68
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involves 2 disorders:
emphysema & chronic bronchitis
69
In ________, the alveoli are damaged
emphysema
70
What is chronic bronchitis?
inflammation of the bronchi causing narrow airway
71
Which respiratory disorder causes the "smokers cough"?
Chronic bronchitis
72
A person has a respiratory infection caused by a virus, this is called?
Influenza (flu)
73
Standard precaution & Droplet precaution are needed for ______
influenza
74
________ means inflammation and infection of lung & tissue
Pneumonia
75
Standard & Transmission-based precautions are needed for _____
Pneumonia
76
What is tuberculosis?
bacterial infection in the lungs
77
___ is spread by airborne droplets with coughing, sneezing, speaking, laughing
TB
78
With ______, the airways become inflamed and narrow, usually triggered by allergies.
Asthma
79
What safety precautions should you follow when a patient is vomiting?
Standard & Bloodborne Pathogen
80
If a persons vomit looks like it has coffee grounds, it contains _____
Blood
81
When a person is vomiting, measure the _____. Provide ___ hygiene
* Measure output * Provide oral hygiene
82
Small pouches can develop in the colon, these pouches buldge outward through weak spots in the colon wall. What is this disease?
Diverticular disease
83
What is inflammatory bowel disease?
Chronic inflammation of the GI tract
84
The two types of IBD are
* Crohn's disease * Ulcerative colitis
85
Hep E is spread by?
Contaminated water
86
How is Hep C & D spread?
Spread by infected blood
87
How is Hep B spread?
Contact with blood & body fluid
88
How is Hep A spread?
Fecal-oral route
89
What is Cirrhosis?
Chronic liver damage
90
yellowing of skin and eyes, fatigue, weight gain/loss, brownish/orange urine, fluid retention, loss of appetite, and blood in stool. A person with _______ may have these symptoms
Cirrhosis
91
What is hyperglycemia?
Blood sugar is too high

Unit 8 (3 decks)

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