Chapter 9 Flashcards by kim bathker

Carolingian Renaissance

Revival of learning and culture

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a physical trial based on the idea of divine intervention

ordeal

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St. Benedict’s community established

monasticism

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Important gift from lord to vassal

Land

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King who invaded England in Battle of Hastings

William of Normandy

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Year of battle of Hastings

1066

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King who invaded England during the Battle of Hastings

William of Normandy

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Document that said a monarch’s power was limited, not absolute

Magna Carta

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document that said a monarch’s power was limited, not absolute

Magna Carta

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During the fourth crusade, Venetian leaders neutralized the — Empire and moved their army to —

Byzantine

Constantinople

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Two men sent to local districts to enforce kings orders

missi dominici

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Justinian’s codification of roman law

Body of Civil Law

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He pushed for the crusades by asking for aid

Emperor Alexius I

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Battle that stopped the Muslim advance into Europe

Battle of Tours in 732

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Man who strengthened papacy

Gregory I

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money paid by criminal to victim’s family

wergild

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Killed by four knights

Thomas Becket

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People from west Asia who settled in Hungary

Magyars

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Grant of land made to vassal

Fief

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heart of feudalism

vassalage

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first census since Roman times

Domesday book

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He codified roman law, resulting in the Body of Civil Law

Justinian

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English king who expanded king’s power and started common law and trial by jury

Henry II

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Germanic way of determining guilt

Ordeal

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Founded a community of monks that became a model for monsaticism

Benedict

Norsemen of Scandinavia

Vikings

he created the Carolingian empire by expanding Frankish Empire

Charlemagne

Man who served a lord in a military capacity

Vassal

Heavily armored Calvary soldier

Knight

Written recognition of the rights and obligations between kings and vassals

Manga Carta

Won Battle of Hastings

William of Normandy

Led Muslims during third crusade

Saladin

Initiated fourth crusade

Pope Innocent III

occupied Spain and Italy before the Ostrogoths

Visigoths

Germanic tribe that controlled Italy after the Visigoths

Ostrogoths

members of the Germanic tribes from Denmark and Germany

Anglo-Saxons

strong military leader, first Germanic ruler to convert to Christianity

Clovis

Church levels (7)

- God - pope - archbishop - bishop - priest/abbot/abbess - monks and nuns - ordinary people

8 services provided by Church

- cared for poor - copied books - lodging for travelers - sick and elderly in hospitals - sacrament - education - music - holidays

he defeated the Muslims at Battle of Tours in 732; saved northern Europe for Christianity

Charles Martel

writing room used by monks to copy books

scriptoria

people sent out to carry a religious message

missionaries

"messengers of the lord"

missi dominici

Charlemagne's changes to the Church

- promoted learning - made religious services uniform - conquered people and converted them to Catholicism - forced clergy (priests) to be educated

crowned by pope Italy's Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas 800 AD

Charlemagne

first man to rule Frankish empire with pope's blessing

Pepin

social, political, economic system in which goods/services were traded for protection from a lord

feudalism

a man who served his lord as a military soldier

vassal

relationship between lord and his vassals

feudal contract

a grant of land given to a vassal by a lord

fief

she married French King Louis VII; then Duke Henry of Normandy --> 8 kids

Eleanor of Aquitaine

a law that was common throughout the kingdom

common law

king who was forced to sign the Magna Carta

King John

three estates of France

1 - clergy 2 - nobles 3 - peasants and townspeople

leader of Holy Roman Empire who wanted to conquer northern Italy; angered pope, lost war

Frederick

Eastern Roman Emperor who simplified law and was head of Eastern Orthodox Church

Emperor Justinian

head of the Eastern Orthodox Church

patriarch

split in the Church

schism

areas of dispute that led to the Schism

- language: Roman = Latin; Eastern = Greek | - Roman liked art; Eastern preferred icons of leaders

founded Islam and captured in Jerusalem, born in Mecca

Mohammad

holy war

crusade

Latin for "cross"

crux

why go on a crusade?

- religious conviction - use fighting skills - glory and wealth - salvation

year when Turkish muslims conquered Jerusalem and mistreated Christians

1071

1st Crusade

Christians recaptured Jerusalem

2nd Crusade

Christians lost to Saladin

3rd Crusade

"Crusade of Kings;" Germans gave Christians access to Jerusalem

4th Crusade

greed replaced religious zeal; Constantinople "sacked" (destroyed)

5 things Europe gained during crusades

cotton, figs, plums, apricots, melons, geometry, Arabic numbers

who called the first crusade? why?

Pope Urban, because he wanted to end feudal warfare between Christians, to rescue Jerusalem, to increase power of Catholicism