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Bio201 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Articulations

A

a point of contact between bones, cartilage and bones, or teeth and bones.

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2
Q

Structural classification of joints

A
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3
Q

Functional classification of joints

A
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4
Q

Bursae

A

Strategically situated to alleviate friction in some joints, such as the shoulder and knee joints.

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5
Q

Menisci

A
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6
Q

Tendon sheath

A

they wrap around certain tendons that experience considerable friction as they pass through tunnels formed by connective tissue and bone

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7
Q

Aponeuroses

A
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8
Q

Ligament

A
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9
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

the articulating bones are tightly connected by either a solid piece of hyaline cartilage or fibrous cartilage

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10
Q

Fibrous joints

A

movement that occurs at a fibrous joint varies from immovable to slightly movable and depends in most cases on the length of the collagen fibers

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11
Q

Synovial joints

A

permit movements that range from slightly movable to freely movable.

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12
Q

Synartgroses

A
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13
Q

Amphiarthroses

A
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14
Q

Diarthorses

A
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15
Q

Gomphosis

A

in which a cone-shaped peg fits into a cavity with a small amount of dense irregular connective tissue.

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16
Q

Synchondrosis

A

is a cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is a solid piece of cartilage that allows little or no movement.

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17
Q

Syndesmosis

A

is a fibrous joint in which there is generally a greater distance between the articulating surfaces and more dense irregular connective tissue than in a suture.

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18
Q

Symphysis

A

is a cartilaginous joint in which the ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a broad, flat disc of fibrous cartilage connects the bones.

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19
Q

Articular cartilage

A

The surfaces of the bones within a synovial joint are covered by a layer of hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

Articular capsule

A

surrounds a synovial joint, encloses the articular cavity, and unites the articulating bones. The articular capsule is composed of two layers, an outer fibrous layer and an inner synovial membrane

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21
Q

synovial fluid

A

clear or pale yellow fluid named for its similarity in appearance and consistency to uncooked egg white. Synovial fluid consists of hyaluronic acid secreted by synovial cells (synoviocytes) in the synovial membrane and interstitial fluid filtered from blood plasma

22
Q

Joint cavity

A
23
Q

Tibial collateral ligament (TCL) (MCL)

A

Broad, flat ligament on the medial surface of the joint that extends from the medial condyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia

24
Q

Fibular collateral ligament (FCL) (LCL)

A

Strong, rounded ligament on the lateral surface of the joint that extends from the lateral condyle of the femur to the lateral side of the head of the fibula

25
Q

Gliding movement

A

the nearly flat surfaces of bones move back and forth and side to side.

26
Q

Angular movement

A

a change in the angle between bones occurs. Examples are flexion–extension, lateral flexion, and abduction–adduction.

27
Q

Flexion

A

there is a decrease in the angle between articulating bones

28
Q

Extension

A

there is an increase in the angle between articulating bones, often to restore a part of the body to the anatomical position after it has been flexed

29
Q

Hyperextension

A

movement beyond the normal range of motion.

30
Q

Abduction

A

is the movement of a bone away from the midline

31
Q

Adduction

A

is the movement of a bone toward the midline.

32
Q

Circumduction

A

is movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle

33
Q

Rotation

A

a bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis.

34
Q

Elevation

A

is a superior movement of a part of the body, such as closing the mouth at the temporomandibular joint to elevate the mandible

35
Q

Depression

A

is an inferior movement of a part of the body, such as opening the mouth to depress the mandible

36
Q

Protraction

A

is a movement of a part of the body anteriorly in the transverse plane.

37
Q

Retraction

A

is a movement of a protracted part of the body back to the anatomical position

38
Q

Inversion

A

is movement of the sole medially at the intertarsal joints

39
Q

Eversion

A

Is a movement of the sole laterally at the intertarsal joints

40
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

refers to bending of the foot at the ankle or talocrural joint (between the tibia, fibula, and talus) in the direction of the dorsum (superior surface)

41
Q

Plantar Flexion

A

involves bending of the foot at the ankle joint in the direction of the plantar or inferior surface

42
Q

Supination

A

is a movement of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints in which the radius and ulna are parallel to one another and palm is turned anteriorly

43
Q

Pronation

A

is a movement of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints in which the distal end of the radius crosses over the distal end of the ulna and the palm is turned posteriorly

44
Q

Opposition

A

is the movement of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint (between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb) in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand

45
Q

Plane/Gliding joint

A

primarily permit back-and-forth and side-to-side movements between the flat surfaces of bones, but they may also rotate against one another.

46
Q

Hinge Joint

A

hinge joints produce an angular, opening-and-closing motion like that of a hinged door.

47
Q

Pivot Joint

A

the rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament

48
Q

Condylar joint

A

the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another bone

49
Q

Saddle joint

A

The articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the “saddle” as a sitting rider would sit

50
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

consists of the ball-like surface of one bone fitting into a cuplike depression of another bone

Bio201 (5 decks)

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