Chapter 9

Question 1

anorexia nervosa

Answer 1

pursuit of thinness that is relentless and involves behaviors that result in significant low body weight, restriction of energy intake, and intense fear of fat.

Question 2

binge

Answer 2

over-eating in one sitting, loss of control over eating.

Question 3

binge-eating disorder

Answer 3

frequent episodes of binge eating but no compensatory weight loss behaviors like purging or excessive exercise, typically overweight or obese.

Question 4

body mass index

Answer 4

measure of a persons weight relative to height.
Healthy is 18.5-24.9 BMI.
Overweight is 25-29.9 BMI.
Obese is 30-39.9 BMI.
Morbidly obese is 40 BMI.

Question 5

bulimia nervosa

Answer 5

uncontrolled binge eating and efforts to prevent resulting weight gain by using inappropriate behaviors like self-induced vomiting, and excessive exercise. occurs once a week for 3 months. Loss of control over eating.

Question 6

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer 6

dichotomous thinking is common.

Question 7

ghrelin

Answer 7

the appetite stimulator

Question 8

leptin

Answer 8

the appetite suppressor

Question 9

negative affect

Question 10

obesity

Answer 10

a state of excessive, chronic fat storage, linked with health and mental health problems.

Question 11

perfectionism

Answer 11

risk factor for developing ED

Question 12

purge

Answer 12

done after binging episode to combat weight gain.

Question 13

serotonin

Answer 13

low serotonin levels relate to causing ED.

Question 14

individual risk factors

Answer 14

gender, age, sexual orientation, perfectionism, negative body image, dieting, and negative emotionality.

Question 15

treatment of anorexia and bulimia

Answer 15

Emergency procedures to restore weight (anorexia).
Family therapy (more effective for anorexia).
Antidepressants for both.
Cognitive behavioral therapy for both.

Question 16

treatment of binge-eating disorder

Answer 16

medications - antidepressants, appetite suppressants, and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Question 17

the problem of obesity

Answer 17

obesity is a state of excessive, chronic fat storage, linked with health and mental health problems. 1 of every 3 Americans is obese.

Question 18

weight stigma

Answer 18

negative weight-based stereotypes exist.
Conditions rated low on personal responsibility elicit pity and intentions to help from others.
Conditions rated high on personal responsibility evoke little pity and high anger.

Question 19

risk and causal factors in obesity

Answer 19

Hormones - low levels of leptin, high levels of ghrelin.
Sociocultural influences - advertising, food accessibility, time pressure, restaurant proportions.
Family behavior patterns - high-fat, high-calorie diet, eating to alleviate distress, overfeeding in childhood.
Comfort foods, stimuli or conditions and cues.

Question 20

Treatment of obesity

Answer 20

lifestyle modifications - low-calorie diet, exercise, behavioral intervention. medications (xenical, belviq, and contrave), bariatric surgery.

Question 21

xenical

Answer 21

reduces the amount of fat that can be absorbed

Question 22

belviq

Answer 22

activates serotonin receptors in hypothalamus

Question 23

contrave

Answer 23

targets 2 neurological areas, lowers hunger system and reward system

Question 24

restrictive subtype of anorexia

Answer 24

weight loss is accomplished through caloric restriction or excessive exercise.

Question 25

binge/purging subtype of anorexia

Answer 25

binged or purged in the last 3 months.

Question 26

treatment outcomes of anorexia

Answer 26

10% die, 10% have persistent ED, 15% have crossover of AN and BN, 15% have atypical ED, and 50% recover.

Question 27

athletes and ED

Answer 27

44.2% of college athletes have eating disorder habits, personality traits also considered like determination, perfectionism, condescension, obsession, and competitiveness.

Question 28

prevalence of ED

Answer 28

BED is 3.5% for women and 2% for men, BED in obese people is 6.5-8%.
Bulimia is 1.5% in women and 0.5% in men.
Anorexia is 0.9% in women and 0.3% in men.

Question 29

cause of ED

Answer 29

Biological - genetics and low serotonin
Cognitive - body-image distortions and cognitive disinhibition
Sociocultural - role of media and social norms in creating self-schemas, social learning theory.

Question 30

prevalence of obesity

Answer 30

More than 1.9 billion American adults are overweight, and 600 million are obese. 1 of every 3 Americans is obese. More common in males and lower socioeconomic status (except for African American females). Lowest obesity rate in Asians. The more education you have, the less likely you are to become obese.