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Abnormal Psych test 3 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

addictive behavior

A

alcohol amnestic disorder

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2
Q

alcoholic dependence

A

the inability to control drinking due to both a physical and emotional dependence on alcohol.

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3
Q

alcoholic use disorder

A

A chronic disease characterized by uncontrolled drinking and preoccupation with alcohol.

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4
Q

alcoholic withdrawal delirium

A

used to be called delirium tremens, disorientation, hallucinations, altered state of consciousness, may last 3-6 days.

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5
Q

amphetamines

A

stimulant drug that speeds up messages between brain and body.

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6
Q

antabuse

A

medication for treatment of alcohol use disorder, produces unpleasant side effects

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7
Q

cocaine

A

plant product, blocks presynaptic dopamine transports and increases the availability of dopamine, and chronic abuse can lead to hallucinations. Treatment involves medications like Naltrexone or CBT/CM.

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8
Q

delirium tremens

A

Severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms such as shaking, confusion, and hallucinations.

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9
Q

dopamine theory of addiction

A

addiction is dysfunction of dopamine reward pathway, the initial pleasurable effects of these drugs are detected in the nucleus accumbens, and that with repeated use of the drugs, the drug-taking behavior becomes encoded as habit in the caudate and putamen through progressive activation of the spiral of interacting stratal–cortical circuits.

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10
Q

ecstasy

A

MDMA, hallucinogen and stimulant, triggers release of serotonin and blocks reuptake.

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11
Q

endorphins

A

replaced by heroin when it binds to opiate receptors.

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12
Q

flashback

A

induces by ecstasy, spontaneous recurrences of the psychedelic drug effect appearing after a period of normalcy following an intoxication of psychedelics.

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13
Q

hallucinogens

A

drug inducing hallucinations

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14
Q

heroin

A

replaces endorphins

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15
Q

LSD

A

changes sensory perception, range of experiences, flashbacks at later points, not as popular, used in “rave culture”

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16
Q

Marijuana

A

comes from leaves, creates euphoria, increased feelings of well-being, heightened perceptual acuity, relaxation, hallucination.

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17
Q

mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway

A

comprised of two dopaminergic pathways: the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways. Dopamine in the mesolimbic pathway is known to play an important role in the rewarding effects of both drugs of abuse and foods. Addictive drugs and palatable foods activate DA-containing neurons in the ventral tegmental area, which project to the nucleus accumbens (NAc).

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18
Q

naltrexone

A

opioid antagonist, used to treat cocaine addiction.

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19
Q

negative reinforcement

A

alleviates uncomfortable states or sensations such as those associated with negative mood states, tension, craving, or withdrawal.

20
Q

nicotene

A

addictive drug

21
Q

opium

A

stimulant that alleviates physical pain, anxiety, and induces relaxation. Opiates occur naturally while opioids are made in a lab.

22
Q

pathological gambling

A

problematic gambling behavior causing clinical distress, exhibits four or more symptoms over 12-month period.

23
Q

positive reinforcement

A

Positive reinforcement generally refers to the pleasant feelings and social enhancement effects that alcohol provides

24
Q

psilocybin

A

Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic prodrug compound that slows down time

25
Q

psychoactive substances

A

substance that affects how the brain works and causes changes in mood, awareness, thoughts, feelings, or behavior. examples are alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, marijuana, and certain pain medicines.

26
Q

reward deficiency syndrome

A

addiction results of genetic deviations in reward pathway.

27
Q

substance abuse

A

excessive use of substances resulting in hazardous behavior, and continued use despite problems.

28
Q

substance dependence

A

involves psychological need for increasing amount of substance to achieve desired affects.

29
Q

synthetic cannabinoids

A

a class of designer drug molecules that bind to the same receptors to which cannabinoids (THC, CBD and many others) in cannabis plants attach

30
Q

tolerance

A

need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve desired affects, biochemical changes in the body.

31
Q

withdrawal

A

physical symptoms like sweating, tremors, and tension because of abstinence from substance.

32
Q

prevalence of alcohol abuse/dependence

A

More common in men.
30% of US meets DSM criteria for lifetime alcohol use disorder.
15% meet part year criteria.
Alcohol dependence = 12 year reduction in life span.
1 of 3 alcohol abusers have one coexisting mental disorder.
55% of fatal car crashes w an impaired driver are between 12-3am because people leave bars then.
Most violent incidents happen between 12-6am and 84% include alcohol.

33
Q

alcohol and brain impacts

A

At low levels - alcohol stimulates pleasure areas (dopamine).
At high levels - alcohol depresses brain functioning and inhibits glutamate.
When intoxicated - high levels of GABA and low levels of glutamate.

34
Q

BAC and hangovers

A

BAC peaks at 4 hours after drinking, hangover peaks from 12-14 hours after starting drinking.
Hangover starts 8 hours after drinking, lasts from 8-16 hours.

35
Q

psychological effects of abuse/dependence

A

chronic fatigue, oversensitivity, depression, impaired reasoning, personality deterioration.

36
Q

alcohol amnestic disorder

A

Memory loss, disorientation, if untreated can lead to irreversible brain damage, delirious, delusional, cognitive impairments.

37
Q

causes of alcohol abuse/dependence

A

Genetic vulnerability - alcohol-risk personality, impulsive, prefer taking high risk, emotionally unstable.
Neurobiology of addiction - pleasure pathway that controls emotions, memory and gratification.
Psychosocial - low parental monitoring, expectations of social success, and psychological vulnerability, stress, tension reduction.

38
Q

treatment of alcohol abuse/dependence

A

medications to block desire to drink, and medications to lower side effects of acute withdrawal.

39
Q

sedatives (alcohol)

A

reduces tension, facilitates social interaction, “blots out” feelings or events.

40
Q

stimulants (amphetamines)

A

increased feelings of alertness, confidence, decrease in fatigue, stay awake, increased endurance and sex drive. Speeds up action of CNS.

41
Q

opiates (opium and derivatives)

A

alleviate physical pain, induce relaxation, alleviate anxiety

42
Q

anti-anxiety meds

A

alleviate tension and anxiety, induce relaxation

43
Q

hallucinogens (cannabis)

A

induce changes in mood, thought, and behavior, expand one’s mind.

44
Q

biological affects of opiates

A

Immediate effects - alleviate physical pain, tension, and anxiety, and relax.
Long-term effects - physical craving of drug, withdrawal, deterioration of health. More opioids prescribed the more likely you are to become dependent.

45
Q

causes of opiate abuse/dependence

A

pleasure is the primary reason for beginning use, curiosity, peer pressure, and stress relief.

46
Q

treatment of opiate abuse

A

detox similar to alcohol addiction, methadone and buprenorphine program.

47
Q

methamphetamines

A

highly addictive stimulant drug, increases levels of dopamine, known as “poor people’s cocaine”, metabolized slower so it produces a longer high.

Abnormal Psych test 3 (4 decks)

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