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PSYCH 101: Final GRIND > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Zygote?

A

A Fertilized egg

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2
Q

When does the Life Cycle Begin?

A

At the Zygote Stage

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3
Q

How does a Zygote Form?

A

When a sperm cell unites with an egg

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4
Q

At what weeks is the Zygote stage?

A

First two weeks

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5
Q

At what week is the Embryo Stage?

A

2-8 Weeks

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6
Q

What happens to the Zygote during the embryo stage

A

The Zygotes inner cells become the Embryo and the Other cells become the placenta

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7
Q

At what weeks are the Fetus Stage

A

8-40 Weeks

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8
Q

At what stage do Body Organs begin to form and function during pregnancy?

A

Fetus

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9
Q

At what stage and week is a baby recognizably human?

A

Fetus and 9 Weeks

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10
Q

What are the four types of Schema?

A

Object/Place Schema
Person Schema
Self Schema
Event Schema

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11
Q

What is a Schema?

A

Schemas are the way children Represent Knowledge

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12
Q

What is Object/pLace Schema?

A

Knowledge structure about an object or place

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13
Q

What is Person Schema?

A

Knowledge about other people
Their…
- Race
- Age
- Gender -
- Occupation
Etc…

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14
Q

What is Self Schema?

A

Knowledge about yourself

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15
Q

What is Event Schema?

A

How you remember routines and event sequences

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16
Q

What are the Three Adaption mechanisms that drive children’s cognitive growth?

A

Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibrium

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17
Q

What is Assimilation?

A

Accepting any new Knowledge

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18
Q

What is Accomodation?

A

Accommodating any Incorrect knowledge

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19
Q

What is Equilibrium?

A

Equaling out any new knowledge with contradicting old knowledge
(Sensorimotor Stage)

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20
Q

What is Object permanence?

A

The Understanding that Objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.

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21
Q

What is egocentrism?

A

When children display difficulty seeing things from others perspectives
(Preoperational Stage)

22
Q

What is Conservation?

A

When a child understands that certain physical characteristics of objects remain constant, even when their appearance changes.\

23
Q

What is Reversibility?

A

The Ability to mentally reverse or undo an action, proccess, or operation

24
Q

What is a example of the conservation ability?

A

Presenting a child with two differently shaped beakers

Filling one up

Pouring one beaker into the other one

If the child still believes they have the same amount of water then they have the conservation ability

25
Q

What is a example of reversibility?

A

When a child realizes that a gallon of milk can be poured into a glass and the child understand you can pour it back into the gallon and it be unchanged

26
Q

What is Reasoning?

A

The Ability to think abstractly and hypothetically.

27
Q

What is Puberty?

A

A Hallmark of adolescence

28
Q

What are some effects of puberty?

A
  • Growth Spurt
  • Secondary Sex Characteristics
  • Fertility achieved
  • Skin Changes
  • Brain Changes
29
Q

What is Identity Confusion?

A

The Crisis During Adolescence about their place in society

30
Q

What are Newborn Reflexes?

A

Automatic Inborn behaviors that occur in response to specific stimuli

Behaviors That do not have to be learned

31
Q

What are some examples of newborn reflexes?

A

Rooting
Sucking
Swallowing

32
Q

What are the four stages of Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory?

A

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational

33
Q

What is Age Range and Cognitive Milestone of Sensorimotor?

A

Age: 0-2

MS: Object Permanence

34
Q

What is Age Range and Cognitive Milestone of Preoperational?

A

Age:2-7

MS: Egocentrism

35
Q

What is Age Range and Cognitive Milestone of Concrete Operational?

A

Age: 7-11

MS: Conservation

36
Q

What is Age Range and Cognitive Milestone of Formal Operational?

A

Age: Over 11

MS: Reasoning

37
Q

What is the characteristic of Sensorimotor?

A

Experience the world
through senses and
actions

38
Q

What is the characteristic of Preoperational?

A

Symbolic play; intuitive
thinking

39
Q

What is the characteristic of Concrete Operational?

A

Logical thinking about
concrete things

40
Q

What is the characteristic of Formal Operational?

A

Abstract Logic

41
Q

What are some Criticisms of Piaget’s Theory

A
  • Underestimate children’s cognitive abilities
  • Cultural biases
  • Individual differences
  • Progression may be gradual and continuous rather than stage-like
  • Neglect social and emotional factors
42
Q

What is attachment?

A

The deep emotional bond between a child and their primary caregiver

43
Q

What are some attachment styles?

A

Secure Attachment

Insecure-Avoidant Attachment

Insecure-Ambivalent/Resistant Attachment

Disorganized Attachment

44
Q

What is a Secure Attachment Style?

A
  • Infants are confident in the parents presence and protection

-Seeks physical contact when reunited with parents and readily returns to exploration and play

45
Q

What is a Insecure-Avoidant Attachment?

A
  • Upon Reunion the child actively avoids and ignores the parent
46
Q

What is a Insecure-Ambivalent/Resistant Attachment?

A

The Parent is not able to effectily alleviate the Infants distress after returining

47
Q

What is a disorganized Attachment style?

A

Infant shows a signs of disorganization or disorientation

48
Q

Where do attachment styles come from?

A

Mary Ainsworth Experiment: Strange Situation Paradigm

49
Q

What was the purpose of Mary Ainsworth Experiment?

A

To Measure children’s attachment to their parents

50
Q
A
51
Q

What is the order of Piagets 4 stages?

A

Sensorimotor (0-2 years)
Pre operational (2-7)
Concrete operational (7-11)
Formal operational (11-💀)

PSYCH 101: Final GRIND (6 decks)

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