Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is a Zygote?
A Fertilized egg
When does the Life Cycle Begin?
At the Zygote Stage
How does a Zygote Form?
When a sperm cell unites with an egg
At what weeks is the Zygote stage?
First two weeks
At what week is the Embryo Stage?
2-8 Weeks
What happens to the Zygote during the embryo stage
The Zygotes inner cells become the Embryo and the Other cells become the placenta
At what weeks are the Fetus Stage
8-40 Weeks
At what stage do Body Organs begin to form and function during pregnancy?
Fetus
At what stage and week is a baby recognizably human?
Fetus and 9 Weeks
What are the four types of Schema?
Object/Place Schema
Person Schema
Self Schema
Event Schema
What is a Schema?
Schemas are the way children Represent Knowledge
What is Object/pLace Schema?
Knowledge structure about an object or place
What is Person Schema?
Knowledge about other people
Their…
- Race
- Age
- Gender -
- Occupation
Etc…
What is Self Schema?
Knowledge about yourself
What is Event Schema?
How you remember routines and event sequences
What are the Three Adaption mechanisms that drive children’s cognitive growth?
Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibrium
What is Assimilation?
Accepting any new Knowledge
What is Accomodation?
Accommodating any Incorrect knowledge
What is Equilibrium?
Equaling out any new knowledge with contradicting old knowledge
(Sensorimotor Stage)
What is Object permanence?
The Understanding that Objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.
What is egocentrism?
When children display difficulty seeing things from others perspectives
(Preoperational Stage)
What is Conservation?
When a child understands that certain physical characteristics of objects remain constant, even when their appearance changes.\
What is Reversibility?
The Ability to mentally reverse or undo an action, proccess, or operation
What is a example of the conservation ability?
Presenting a child with two differently shaped beakers
Filling one up
Pouring one beaker into the other one
If the child still believes they have the same amount of water then they have the conservation ability
What is a example of reversibility?
When a child realizes that a gallon of milk can be poured into a glass and the child understand you can pour it back into the gallon and it be unchanged
What is Reasoning?
The Ability to think abstractly and hypothetically.
What is Puberty?
A Hallmark of adolescence
What are some effects of puberty?
- Growth Spurt
- Secondary Sex Characteristics
- Fertility achieved
- Skin Changes
- Brain Changes
What is Identity Confusion?
The Crisis During Adolescence about their place in society
What are Newborn Reflexes?
Automatic Inborn behaviors that occur in response to specific stimuli
Behaviors That do not have to be learned
What are some examples of newborn reflexes?
Rooting
Sucking
Swallowing
What are the four stages of Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory?
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
What is Age Range and Cognitive Milestone of Sensorimotor?
Age: 0-2
MS: Object Permanence
What is Age Range and Cognitive Milestone of Preoperational?
Age:2-7
MS: Egocentrism
What is Age Range and Cognitive Milestone of Concrete Operational?
Age: 7-11
MS: Conservation
What is Age Range and Cognitive Milestone of Formal Operational?
Age: Over 11
MS: Reasoning
What is the characteristic of Sensorimotor?
Experience the world
through senses and
actions
What is the characteristic of Preoperational?
Symbolic play; intuitive
thinking
What is the characteristic of Concrete Operational?
Logical thinking about
concrete things
What is the characteristic of Formal Operational?
Abstract Logic
What are some Criticisms of Piaget’s Theory
- Underestimate children’s cognitive abilities
- Cultural biases
- Individual differences
- Progression may be gradual and continuous rather than stage-like
- Neglect social and emotional factors
What is attachment?
The deep emotional bond between a child and their primary caregiver
What are some attachment styles?
Secure Attachment
Insecure-Avoidant Attachment
Insecure-Ambivalent/Resistant Attachment
Disorganized Attachment
What is a Secure Attachment Style?
- Infants are confident in the parents presence and protection
-Seeks physical contact when reunited with parents and readily returns to exploration and play
What is a Insecure-Avoidant Attachment?
- Upon Reunion the child actively avoids and ignores the parent
What is a Insecure-Ambivalent/Resistant Attachment?
The Parent is not able to effectily alleviate the Infants distress after returining
What is a disorganized Attachment style?
Infant shows a signs of disorganization or disorientation
Where do attachment styles come from?
Mary Ainsworth Experiment: Strange Situation Paradigm
What was the purpose of Mary Ainsworth Experiment?
To Measure children’s attachment to their parents
What is the order of Piagets 4 stages?
Sensorimotor (0-2 years)
Pre operational (2-7)
Concrete operational (7-11)
Formal operational (11-💀)
