Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is a Algorithm?
- Step by Step Systematic procedures or rules that guarantee a solution to a problem
What are some Advantages of a algorithm?
- Guarantees a solution if one exists
-Its very precise
What are some disadvantages of Algorithms?
- Sometimes it isn’t practical
- Time Consuming and requires a lot of effort
- Some problems may not have a Algorithm
What’s a example of an Algorithm?
Ex: If you’re trying to figure out someone’s password you do
0001, 0002, 0003, etc… Until you get it
Ex: Following a step-by-step recipe when making a cake
What are Heuristics?
Mental Shortcuts for finding solutions
What are some advantages of heuristics?
- Practical for real world problems
- Save time and Mental effort
What are some disadvantages of heuristics?
- Prone to biases and errors
- May not always lead to the optimal solution
What are some examples of Heuristics?
- Assuming the most expensive option is the best one.
- Analogies - Saying your brain is like a computer
- Baking a cake without following the recipe
What is Insight?
Sudden and Unexpected recognition of a solution
What are some advantages of using insight?
- May lead to creative and novel solutions
- May save time and mental effort by resolving problems in a flash of inspiration
What are some disadvantages of using insight?
- Unpredictable
- May not be practical for systematic problem solving (Like math)
What are some examples of insight?
- When trying to guess someone’s password you try to use information you know about the person
- Having a epiphany about something in the shower
What is a Prototype?
- A mental representation of the most typical and characteristic example of a category
What is a example of a Prototype?
- How a Ideal leader should
- A being that has feathers and a beak is a bird
What is an example of Functional Fixedness?
- Not being able to think of everyday objects outside their usual uses
- Ex: Life hacks are the opposite of functional fixedness
What is functional fixedness?
A tendency to think of objects only in terms of
their usual functions
What is Confirmation Bias?
The tendency to seek, interpret, and remember
information in a way that confirms their pre-existing beliefs or
hypotheses
What is a example of Confirmation Bias?
Ex: If you have a political opinion you will only find articles and evidence that support that pollical opinion
What does IQ stand for?
Intelligence Quotient
Who was Francis Galton?
Early Study of Intelligence
What did Francis Galton study regarding Intelligence?
- Muscular Strength
- The Size of your head
- Reaction time
- Difference threshold
THIS IS BAD AND WRONG
Who was Binet?
- The Father of Formal Intelligence Testing
- Aimed to measure a Childs “Mental Age”
How did Binet measure intelligence?
He Measured
- Problem Solving
- Numbers
- Vocabulary
- Logical Reasoning
- General knowledge
- Memory
What was the Stanford-Binet Test?
- Assessment Tool
- Not used for Adults
- Introduced the Concept of the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
AKA: How to measure intelligence with a number
