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PSYCH 101: Final GRIND > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Algorithm?

A
  • Step by Step Systematic procedures or rules that guarantee a solution to a problem
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2
Q

What are some Advantages of a algorithm?

A
  • Guarantees a solution if one exists
    -Its very precise
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3
Q

What are some disadvantages of Algorithms?

A
  • Sometimes it isn’t practical
  • Time Consuming and requires a lot of effort
  • Some problems may not have a Algorithm
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4
Q

What’s a example of an Algorithm?

A

Ex: If you’re trying to figure out someone’s password you do
0001, 0002, 0003, etc… Until you get it

Ex: Following a step-by-step recipe when making a cake

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5
Q

What are Heuristics?

A

Mental Shortcuts for finding solutions

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6
Q

What are some advantages of heuristics?

A
  • Practical for real world problems
  • Save time and Mental effort
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7
Q

What are some disadvantages of heuristics?

A
  • Prone to biases and errors
  • May not always lead to the optimal solution
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8
Q

What are some examples of Heuristics?

A
  • Assuming the most expensive option is the best one.
  • Analogies - Saying your brain is like a computer
  • Baking a cake without following the recipe
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9
Q

What is Insight?

A

Sudden and Unexpected recognition of a solution

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10
Q

What are some advantages of using insight?

A
  • May lead to creative and novel solutions
  • May save time and mental effort by resolving problems in a flash of inspiration
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11
Q

What are some disadvantages of using insight?

A
  • Unpredictable
  • May not be practical for systematic problem solving (Like math)
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12
Q

What are some examples of insight?

A
  • When trying to guess someone’s password you try to use information you know about the person
  • Having a epiphany about something in the shower
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13
Q

What is a Prototype?

A
  • A mental representation of the most typical and characteristic example of a category
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13
Q

What is a example of a Prototype?

A
  • How a Ideal leader should
  • A being that has feathers and a beak is a bird
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14
Q

What is an example of Functional Fixedness?

A
  • Not being able to think of everyday objects outside their usual uses
  • Ex: Life hacks are the opposite of functional fixedness
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14
Q

What is functional fixedness?

A

A tendency to think of objects only in terms of
their usual functions

15
Q

What is Confirmation Bias?

A

The tendency to seek, interpret, and remember
information in a way that confirms their pre-existing beliefs or
hypotheses

16
Q

What is a example of Confirmation Bias?

A

Ex: If you have a political opinion you will only find articles and evidence that support that pollical opinion

17
Q

What does IQ stand for?

A

Intelligence Quotient

18
Q

Who was Francis Galton?

A

Early Study of Intelligence

19
Q

What did Francis Galton study regarding Intelligence?

A
  • Muscular Strength
  • The Size of your head
  • Reaction time
  • Difference threshold
    THIS IS BAD AND WRONG
20
Q

Who was Binet?

A
  • The Father of Formal Intelligence Testing
  • Aimed to measure a Childs “Mental Age”
21
Q

How did Binet measure intelligence?

A

He Measured
- Problem Solving
- Numbers
- Vocabulary
- Logical Reasoning
- General knowledge
- Memory

22
Q

What was the Stanford-Binet Test?

A
  • Assessment Tool
  • Not used for Adults
  • Introduced the Concept of the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

AKA: How to measure intelligence with a number

23
Q

What was the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)?

A
  • Most Widely used Individualized IQ test for Adults
  • Tests Verbal Skills
    Comprehension, Arithmetic, Vocabulary, General information, analogies, and memory
  • Tests Nonverbal things
    Finding missing picture parts, arrange cartoons in a logical sequence, Reproduce Block Designs, assemble pieces of a jigsaw like puzzle, Copy symbols onto paper.
24
Q

What are Group Apptiude Tests?

A

Quick, Large Scale Tests

25
Q

What are some examples of Group Aptitude Tests?

A

Ex: SAT, ACT, GRE

26
Q

What are some Weaknesses of Intelligence Tests?

A
  • Cultural and Socioeconomic biased
  • Limited Scope
  • Some people have testing anxiety
27
Q

What are some Strenghts of intelligence tests?

A
  • Standardized
  • Good at assessing academic performance
28
Q

What is Gardners Frame of Mind?

A

The Belief that there are mutilple types of intelligence

29
Q

What the types of intelligence in Gardners Frame of Mind Theory?

A
  • Music
  • Kinesthetic (Body Smart)
    -Interpersonal (People Smart)
  • Linguistic (Word Smart)
  • Mathematical
  • Naturalistic (Nature Smart)
    -Intrapersonal (Self Smart)
  • Visual
30
Q
A

PSYCH 101: Final GRIND (6 decks)

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