Chapter 9

Question 1

3 goals of sentencing

Answer 1

Utilitarian - focus on future conduct
- general deterrence, specific deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation

Retributive - focus on the past
- Denunciation (express disapproval in behavior), retribution

Restorative - future focused
- resolve problems, protect the public, involve the offender, victim, and community

Question 2

2 sentencing options available to judges

Answer 2

Concurrent sentences
- Sentences served simultaneously
- Criminal Code (1985)

Consecutive sentences
- Sentences served separately, one after another
- Provincial Offences Act (1990)

Question 3

dangerous offender designation

Answer 3

• a person who is given an indeterminate sentence upon conviction
• a particularly violent crime
• a pattern of committing serious violent offences

The Crown makes a formal application after conviction but before sentencing
- The offender is detained in a federal prison but there is no set length on the sentence.

First threshold - at least one “serious personal injury offence”

Second threshold - a pattern indicating offender has difficulty controlling behavior

Question 4

long-term offender designation

Answer 4

• received a sentence of more than two years
• substantial risk that the offender will commit a serious personal offence after release from prison
• long-term supervision order comes into effect after sentence ends
• The offender will be supervised by a parole officer for up to 10 years

Question 5

judicial determination

Answer 5

A order by the sentencing judge that the offender serve one-half of their sentence before being eligible to apply for parole. The primary objectives of this provision are protection of the public and specific and general deterrence