Chapter 14 - Reconsidering the CJS

Question 1

smart on crime approach

Answer 1

includes a focus on evidence-based assessments of the efficiency and effectiveness of criminal justice policies

Question 2

over-criminalization

Answer 2

the imposition of penalties, often to address social problems, “that have no relation to the gravity of the offence committed” and are therefore excessive and without justification

Question 3

expanding effective criminal justice interventions

Answer 3

Recognize and document effective interventions
- Specialized courts
- Risk, need and responsivity (RNR) principles
- Community engagement and involvement

Collect and report helpful errors
- “Lessons learned”

Question 4

mobilizing the community

Answer 4

• Untapped reservoir of community support
• If community support is nurtured, can play a significant role in criminal justice system
• Initiatives such as Circles of Support and Accountability (COSAs) subject to funding cuts despite evidence of success
• Political agenda outweighs evidence-based programs

Question 5

evidence-based policies, legislation, and programs

Answer 5

ensuring that policies and practice are evidence-based—that is, informed by the findings of evaluation research
- Evidence-based practices are often not currently in use
- Most initiatives do not include an evaluation component
- The business sector shows that research is strongly related to innovative practices

Question 6

addressing the needs of victims

Answer 6

• “Blame the victim” mentality persists among some criminal justice professionals
• Marginalization and revictimization of crime victims must be addressed
• Educate criminal justice professionals in this area
• Mandatory training in victims’ rights for all police officers, judges, and Crown prosecutors
• Balance between victims’ rights and the administration of justice

Question 7

reducing marginality of offenders

Answer 7

Many who come into conflict with the law are marginalized with respect to their employment skills, education, and other capacities. They may have addictions or mental illnesses and may have few community supports

• often symptoms of much deeper social, economic and community disorder
• criminal justice system does not address marginality (addiction, poverty, homelessness, mental illness)
• Take an evidence-based approach and collect data
• Partner with other agencies, organizations, and communities