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Biol235 Quiz 2 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Other words for joint

A

Articulation
Arthrosis

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2
Q

Fibrous joints

A

No synovial
Dense irregular connective tissue with lots of collagen fibers

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3
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

No synovial
Held by cartilage

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4
Q

Synovial joints

A

Synovial cavity
Dense irregular connective tissue and accessory ligaments

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5
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Immovable

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6
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable

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7
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable

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8
Q

Fibrous joint types

A

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Interosseous membranes

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9
Q

Sutures

A

Between bones of skull
Synarthroses/disrthrosis

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10
Q

Synostosis

A

Suture replaced by bone

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11
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Fibrous
Greater distance/DICT than suture arranged as ligament
Amphiarthrosis

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12
Q

Interosseous membranes

A

Substantial sheet of DICT binding neighbouring long bones

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13
Q

Cartilaginous joint types

A

Synchondroses
Symphyses
Epiphyseal cartilages

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14
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Hyaline cartilage

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15
Q

Symphyses

A

Articulating bones have hyaline cartilage but Fibrocartilage discs inbetween
Midline of body

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16
Q

Epiphyseal cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage growth centers in Endochondral ossification

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17
Q

Unique characteristics of synovial joints

A

Synovial cavity
Articular cartilage

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18
Q

Articular capsule

A

Outer fibrous membrane: DITC attaches to periosteum

Inner synovial membrane: areolar connective with elastic fibers

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19
Q

Ligaments

A

Fiber bundles of DICT

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20
Q

Articular fat pads

A

Accumulations of adipose tissue at synovial membrane

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21
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Hyaluronic acid secreted by synovial cells
Interstitial fluid filtered from blood plasma

Lubircates, reduces shock, supply o2 nutrients removed wastes microbes debris

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22
Q

Accessory ligaments

A

Extracapsular ligaments: outside articular capsule
Intracapsulsr ligaments: inside articular capsule

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23
Q

Articular discs/menisci

A

Crescent shaped pads of Fibrocartilage
Divide cavity into two spaces

Shock absorption, better fit between bone, adaptable surface for combine movement, weight distribution, synovial lubricant distribution

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24
Q

Labrum

A

Fibrocsrtilaginous lip to depend ball and socket joints

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25
Q

Bursae

A

Sac-like structures resembling joint capsules
Cushion movement

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26
Q

Tending sheath/ synovial sheaths

A

Tube like bursae wrap around tendons
Visceral/parietal layers

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27
Q

Gliding

A

Back/forth
Side/side

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28
Q

Types of moments

A

Gliding
Angular
Rotation
Special

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29
Q

Angular movement types

A

Flexing
Lateral felxison
Extension
Hypertension
Abduction
Addiction
Circumduction

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30
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease in angle
Sagital

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31
Q

Extension

A

Increase in angle
Sagittal

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32
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Movement of trunk
Frontal

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33
Q

Hyperextension

A

Extension beyond anatomical position

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34
Q

Abduction

A

Away from midline
Frontal

35
Q

Adduction

A

Toward midline

36
Q

Circumduction

A

Flexion abduction extension adduction or opp order

37
Q

Rotation

A

Around longitudinal axis
Medial toward midline
Lateral away midline

38
Q

Elevation

A

Superior movement

39
Q

Depression

A

Inferior movemtn

40
Q

Protraction

A

Anterior along transverse

41
Q

Retraction

A

Posterior along transverse

42
Q

Inversion

A

Sole medial

43
Q

Eversion

A

Sole lateral

44
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Stand on heels

45
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Stand on toes

46
Q

Supination

A

Forearm (palm) anteriorly

47
Q

Pronation

A

Forearm (palm) posteriorly

48
Q

Opposition

A

Thumb across palm to touch fingertips

49
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball and socket

50
Q

Plane

A

Flat

Biaxial/triaxial

Back/front
Side/side
Rotation

51
Q

Hinge

A

Convex to concave

Uniaxial

Flexion/extension

52
Q

Pivot

A

Round to ring

Uniaxial

Rotation

53
Q

Condyloid

A

Oval projection to oval depression

Biaxial

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction

54
Q

Saddle

A

Saddle to person sitting

Biaxial

Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction

55
Q

Ball and socket

A

Ball to cup

Triaxial

Flexion
Abduction
Rotation

56
Q

Atlanto occipital

A

Superior articular facets of atlas and occipital Condyles

Synovial (Condyloid) diarthrosis

Flexion/extension slight lateral extension

57
Q

Atlanto axial

A

1.Dens of axis and anterior arch of atlas
2.Lateral masses of atlas and axis

1.Synovial (pivot) diarthrosis
2.Synovial (planar) diarthrosis

Rotation

58
Q

Lumbosacral

A

1.body of L5 and base of sacrum
2. Inferior articular facets of L5 and superior articular facets of S1

  1. Cartilaginous (symphsis) Amphiarthrosis
  2. Synovial (planar) diarthrosis

Flexion extension lateral rotation of vertebral column

59
Q

Sternoclavicular

A

Sternal end of clavicle, manubrium of sternum, first costal cartilage

Synovial (plane,pivot) diarthrosis

Gliding, limited movements in nearly every other direction

60
Q

Radioulnar

A

Proximal: head of radius and radial notch of ulna
Distal: ulnar notch of radius and head of ulna

Synovial (pivot) diarthrosis

Rotation

61
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

Anterior surfaces of hip bones

Cartilaginous (symphses) amphiarthrosis

Slight movements (more during pregnancy)

62
Q

TMJ (type,parts,movements)

A

Hinge/plane

Condylar process of mandible
Mandibular fossa/articular tubercle of temporal

Depression elevation protraction retraction lateral displacement slight rotation

63
Q

Shoulder joint (type,parts,movements)

A

Ball and socket

Head of humerus and Glenoid cavity of scapula

Articular capsule
Coracohumeral ligament
Glenhumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
Glenoid labrum
Bursae

Flexion extension hypertension abduction adduction medial/lateral rotation Circumduction

64
Q

Where does shoulder strength come from

A

Some from ligaments most from muscle surrounding joint especially rotator cuff muscles

65
Q

Coracohumeral ligament

A

Strong broad strengthens superior articular capsule, reinforced anterior

Coracoid process to greater tubercle

66
Q

Glenohumeral ligament

A

Three thickenings of articular capsule extend from Glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle on anterior

Stabalization

67
Q

Transverse humeral ligament

A

Narrow sheet from. Greater to lesser tubercle

Hold head of biceps

68
Q

Glenoid labrum

A

Narrow ridge of fibrocartilage to deepen it

69
Q

Elbow joint (type,parts,movement)

A

Hinge
Trochlea/capitulum of humerus
Trochlear notch of ulna
Head of radius

Articular capsule
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Anular ligament of radius

Flexion extension

70
Q

Ulnar collateral ligament

A

Thick triangular

Medial Epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process/olecranon of ulna

Deepens socket for trochlea

71
Q

Radial collateral ligament

A

Strong triangular
Lateral Epicondyle to anular ligament of radius and radial notch of ulna

72
Q

Anular ligament of radius

A

String band encircles head o radius

Hold head in radial notch of ulna

73
Q

Hip joint (type,parts,movements)

A

Ball and socket
Head of femur acetabulum of hip

Articular capsule
Ligament of head of femur

Flexion extension abduction adduction lateral/medial rotation Circumduction of thigh

74
Q

Ligament of head of femur

A

Flat triangular

Fossa of acetabulum to fovea capitulation of head of femur

Small artery supplies femur head

75
Q

Knee joint (s)

A

Modified hinge consists of three joints

Laterally: tibiofemoral joint- lateral condyle, lateral meniscus, and lateral Condyle of tibia

Medially: tibiofemoral joint- medial Condyle, medical meniscus, medial Condyle of tibia

Intermediate: patellofemoral joint- patella and patellar surface of femur

76
Q

Medial and lateral patellar retinacula

A

Fused tendons of quadriceps femora and fascia Lara

Strengthen anterior of knee joint

77
Q

Patellar ligament

A

Continuation of common tendon of quadriceps femoris extend from patella to tibial tuberosity

Strengthens anterior of knee joint

78
Q

Tibial collateral ligament

A

Broad flat, medial surface
Medial Condyle of femur to medial Condyle of tibia

Tendons cross over strength medial aspect

79
Q

Fibular collateral ligament

A

Strong rounded, lateral surface

Lateral Condyle of femur to lateral side of fibula head

Strengthens lateral aspect

80
Q

Intracapsular ligaments of knee

A

Anterior cruciate ligaments
PCL

81
Q

ACL

A

Limits hyperextension prevents anterior sliding of tibia on femur

Stretched/torn in 70% serious knee injuries

82
Q

PCL

A

Prevent posterior sliding of tibia (anterior of femur) when knee is flexed

Walking down stairs

83
Q

Articular discs of knee

A

Medial meniscus: C shaped
Lateral meniscus: nearly O shaped

84
Q

Movement saturday knee joint

A

Flexion extension slight medial rotation lateral rotation of leg

Biol235 Quiz 2 (5 decks)

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