Chapter 9 Flashcards
Other words for joint
Articulation
Arthrosis
Fibrous joints
No synovial
Dense irregular connective tissue with lots of collagen fibers
Cartilaginous joints
No synovial
Held by cartilage
Synovial joints
Synovial cavity
Dense irregular connective tissue and accessory ligaments
Synarthrosis
Immovable
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable
Diarthrosis
Freely movable
Fibrous joint types
Sutures
Syndesmoses
Interosseous membranes
Sutures
Between bones of skull
Synarthroses/disrthrosis
Synostosis
Suture replaced by bone
Syndesmoses
Fibrous
Greater distance/DICT than suture arranged as ligament
Amphiarthrosis
Interosseous membranes
Substantial sheet of DICT binding neighbouring long bones
Cartilaginous joint types
Synchondroses
Symphyses
Epiphyseal cartilages
Synchondrosis
Hyaline cartilage
Symphyses
Articulating bones have hyaline cartilage but Fibrocartilage discs inbetween
Midline of body
Epiphyseal cartilage
Hyaline cartilage growth centers in Endochondral ossification
Unique characteristics of synovial joints
Synovial cavity
Articular cartilage
Articular capsule
Outer fibrous membrane: DITC attaches to periosteum
Inner synovial membrane: areolar connective with elastic fibers
Ligaments
Fiber bundles of DICT
Articular fat pads
Accumulations of adipose tissue at synovial membrane
Synovial fluid
Hyaluronic acid secreted by synovial cells
Interstitial fluid filtered from blood plasma
Lubircates, reduces shock, supply o2 nutrients removed wastes microbes debris
Accessory ligaments
Extracapsular ligaments: outside articular capsule
Intracapsulsr ligaments: inside articular capsule
Articular discs/menisci
Crescent shaped pads of Fibrocartilage
Divide cavity into two spaces
Shock absorption, better fit between bone, adaptable surface for combine movement, weight distribution, synovial lubricant distribution
Labrum
Fibrocsrtilaginous lip to depend ball and socket joints
Bursae
Sac-like structures resembling joint capsules
Cushion movement
Tending sheath/ synovial sheaths
Tube like bursae wrap around tendons
Visceral/parietal layers
Gliding
Back/forth
Side/side
Types of moments
Gliding
Angular
Rotation
Special
Angular movement types
Flexing
Lateral felxison
Extension
Hypertension
Abduction
Addiction
Circumduction
Flexion
Decrease in angle
Sagital
Extension
Increase in angle
Sagittal
Lateral flexion
Movement of trunk
Frontal
Hyperextension
Extension beyond anatomical position
Abduction
Away from midline
Frontal
Adduction
Toward midline
Circumduction
Flexion abduction extension adduction or opp order
Rotation
Around longitudinal axis
Medial toward midline
Lateral away midline
Elevation
Superior movement
Depression
Inferior movemtn
Protraction
Anterior along transverse
Retraction
Posterior along transverse
Inversion
Sole medial
Eversion
Sole lateral
Dorsiflexion
Stand on heels
Plantar flexion
Stand on toes
Supination
Forearm (palm) anteriorly
Pronation
Forearm (palm) posteriorly
Opposition
Thumb across palm to touch fingertips
Types of synovial joints
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Saddle
Ball and socket
Plane
Flat
Biaxial/triaxial
Back/front
Side/side
Rotation
Hinge
Convex to concave
Uniaxial
Flexion/extension
Pivot
Round to ring
Uniaxial
Rotation
Condyloid
Oval projection to oval depression
Biaxial
Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Saddle
Saddle to person sitting
Biaxial
Flexion/extension
Abduction/adduction
Ball and socket
Ball to cup
Triaxial
Flexion
Abduction
Rotation
Atlanto occipital
Superior articular facets of atlas and occipital Condyles
Synovial (Condyloid) diarthrosis
Flexion/extension slight lateral extension
Atlanto axial
1.Dens of axis and anterior arch of atlas
2.Lateral masses of atlas and axis
1.Synovial (pivot) diarthrosis
2.Synovial (planar) diarthrosis
Rotation
Lumbosacral
1.body of L5 and base of sacrum
2. Inferior articular facets of L5 and superior articular facets of S1
- Cartilaginous (symphsis) Amphiarthrosis
- Synovial (planar) diarthrosis
Flexion extension lateral rotation of vertebral column
Sternoclavicular
Sternal end of clavicle, manubrium of sternum, first costal cartilage
Synovial (plane,pivot) diarthrosis
Gliding, limited movements in nearly every other direction
Radioulnar
Proximal: head of radius and radial notch of ulna
Distal: ulnar notch of radius and head of ulna
Synovial (pivot) diarthrosis
Rotation
Pubic symphysis
Anterior surfaces of hip bones
Cartilaginous (symphses) amphiarthrosis
Slight movements (more during pregnancy)
TMJ (type,parts,movements)
Hinge/plane
Condylar process of mandible
Mandibular fossa/articular tubercle of temporal
Depression elevation protraction retraction lateral displacement slight rotation
Shoulder joint (type,parts,movements)
Ball and socket
Head of humerus and Glenoid cavity of scapula
Articular capsule
Coracohumeral ligament
Glenhumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
Glenoid labrum
Bursae
Flexion extension hypertension abduction adduction medial/lateral rotation Circumduction
Where does shoulder strength come from
Some from ligaments most from muscle surrounding joint especially rotator cuff muscles
Coracohumeral ligament
Strong broad strengthens superior articular capsule, reinforced anterior
Coracoid process to greater tubercle
Glenohumeral ligament
Three thickenings of articular capsule extend from Glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle on anterior
Stabalization
Transverse humeral ligament
Narrow sheet from. Greater to lesser tubercle
Hold head of biceps
Glenoid labrum
Narrow ridge of fibrocartilage to deepen it
Elbow joint (type,parts,movement)
Hinge
Trochlea/capitulum of humerus
Trochlear notch of ulna
Head of radius
Articular capsule
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Anular ligament of radius
Flexion extension
Ulnar collateral ligament
Thick triangular
Medial Epicondyle of humerus to coronoid process/olecranon of ulna
Deepens socket for trochlea
Radial collateral ligament
Strong triangular
Lateral Epicondyle to anular ligament of radius and radial notch of ulna
Anular ligament of radius
String band encircles head o radius
Hold head in radial notch of ulna
Hip joint (type,parts,movements)
Ball and socket
Head of femur acetabulum of hip
Articular capsule
Ligament of head of femur
Flexion extension abduction adduction lateral/medial rotation Circumduction of thigh
Ligament of head of femur
Flat triangular
Fossa of acetabulum to fovea capitulation of head of femur
Small artery supplies femur head
Knee joint (s)
Modified hinge consists of three joints
Laterally: tibiofemoral joint- lateral condyle, lateral meniscus, and lateral Condyle of tibia
Medially: tibiofemoral joint- medial Condyle, medical meniscus, medial Condyle of tibia
Intermediate: patellofemoral joint- patella and patellar surface of femur
Medial and lateral patellar retinacula
Fused tendons of quadriceps femora and fascia Lara
Strengthen anterior of knee joint
Patellar ligament
Continuation of common tendon of quadriceps femoris extend from patella to tibial tuberosity
Strengthens anterior of knee joint
Tibial collateral ligament
Broad flat, medial surface
Medial Condyle of femur to medial Condyle of tibia
Tendons cross over strength medial aspect
Fibular collateral ligament
Strong rounded, lateral surface
Lateral Condyle of femur to lateral side of fibula head
Strengthens lateral aspect
Intracapsular ligaments of knee
Anterior cruciate ligaments
PCL
ACL
Limits hyperextension prevents anterior sliding of tibia on femur
Stretched/torn in 70% serious knee injuries
PCL
Prevent posterior sliding of tibia (anterior of femur) when knee is flexed
Walking down stairs
Articular discs of knee
Medial meniscus: C shaped
Lateral meniscus: nearly O shaped
Movement saturday knee joint
Flexion extension slight medial rotation lateral rotation of leg
