Chapter 9 Flashcards
(32 cards)
HYDROSPHERE
-aqueous envelope of the Earth
-Includes bodies of waters(oceans, freshwater lakes,rivers) & aqueous vapor in the atmosphere
-is the total amount of water on the planet
-Home for many quantic life
-Essential to life (animals & plants)
H2O is __ of our bodies
-H2O covers __ of earth surface
-in__
60%
70%
oceans, lakes, rivers, glacier, etc
If earth were flat, H2O would cover it up
to 3000 m deep
Fortunately, H2O is concentrated in
depressions(deep areas like trenchs) all over earth surface.
Units of Measurement for water consist of?
How many gallons is Once acre foot ?
- Various units e.g., gallons, acre-feet, etc
Once acre-foot = water required to cover one acre of land, one foot deep
-1 Acre-foot = 325,851 gallons
The Hydrologic Cycle:(watch a video on this)
-Describes circulation of H2O falling as rain, flowing to oceans, infiltrating to
groundwater, evaporating back to the atmosphere, condenses & falling back
as rain:
Ocean has __ of H2O on earth, But..?
Remaining__ is fresh H2O
75 % of the 3 % in __?
97 %, salty & not useful to plants & animals
3 %
glaciers ice and snow
Processes (and Rainfall):Evaporation 1
Liquid to vapor below BOILING POINT
(watch video)
Processes (and Rainfall):Sublimation 2
Solid H2O (ice) to vapor directly, mainly on bright, windy days ( snow -> vapor)
(watch video)
Processes (and Rainfall):Humidity 3
Amount of H2O vapor in air (Warm air is more than cold air.)
Processes (and Rainfall):Saturation Point 4
Air is at saturation point when it contains as much H2O as it can hold at that
temperature (T)
Processes (and Rainfall):Relative Humidity 5
-Actual amount of H2O in air relative to saturation point at that temp (T).
Satuartion point:the stage at which no more of a substance can be absorbed into a vapor
saturation temp at which a liquid boils into its vapor phase.
Processes (and Rainfall):Condensation 6
-H2O molecules aggregate(form a group/cluster) about saturation point => called CONDENSATION
Processes (and Rainfall):Dew Point 7
-Temperature at which condensation begins.
Processes (and Rainfall): Rainfall 8
With enough condensation, rainfall occurs!!! (main source of H2O supply)
Condesation can either be cluster on a water bottle or something or alot of water in the clouds
Rainfall is unevenly distributed due to what?
effects of winds & topography (hills & valleys)
-Rainfall is more at the tropics and on windward side of mountains.
(watch five minutes of crash course vid)
Compartments :River is an important geologic agent for:
(1)Water Supply(fresh water)
(2) shaping the landscape by eroding and depositing materials on ground
surface
(3) flooding
To evaluate these effects of a river, we need to know..?
some factors of the river,
e.g., DISCHARGE and GRADIENT
Discharge:
*Amount of water flowing past a point in the river channel for a given period of time.
*Discharge evaluated through the Discharge Equation:
Q = V X A
(Discharge (Q) = Velocity (V) X Cross-sectional area (A))
-Q = Discharge of river in cubic feet of water per second (cfs)
-V = Velocity of water in feet per second (ft/sec)
-A = Area of channel in square feet (ft2)
- Q = 18 cfs, A = 1 sq. yd. (yd2)
V = ?
18?
- Q = 20 cfs, V = 5 ft/min
A = ?
4
In general, the greater the discharge, the better the…?
water supply and more erosion.
1.Velocity - discharge relation
2. Depth - discharge relation
3. Width - discharge relation
How is discharge relation established?
is established by making frequent measurements of the stage and of the corresponding discharge in the river
Gradient:
-Longitudinal profile or side view of a river:
-Gradient = Vertical drop (rise) = 10 /Horizontal distance (run) 100
(look at image)
