Chapter 9 Flashcards
true independent variables
researcher can manipulate
enviromental
change physical or social enviroment
instructional
verbal instructions given to participants
invasive
surgery/drugs
levels of IV
IV must have 2 levels, control and experimental
subject/organismic variables
relatively stable characteristics of the participant such as sex, eye color, height, weight, intelligence, highest education level or ‘personality.
what makes experimental research different from descriptive and correlational
is that we can control variables
between groups
2 groups of participants, 1 control, 1 experimental
within
1 group, some are in control first, then experimental. some in experimental, then control
temporal priority
the presumed causal variable preceded the presumed effect in time
treatment variance
due to the independent variable
confounds variance
due to some variable other than the independent variable
confound
to mix up one thing with another so that you cannot distinguish which one is respnsible for an outcome
when no confounding variables
An experiment with NO confounds means that only the levels of the IV systematically differ between subjects
internal validity
the degree to which a researcher draws accurate conclusions about the effects of the IV on a DV
Biased assignment of participants to conditions
effects are due to initially nonequivalent groups rather than to the IV; this can occur when random assignment fails
external validity
the degree to which the results obtained in one study can be replicated or generalized to other samples, research settings, & procedures.
replication
repeat the study=same findings exact vs systemtic
generalization
apply findings to settings that differ from one in whihc the experiment took place
