Chapter 7 Flashcards
correlation
association or co-dependence
statistical significance is affected by
sample size, magnitude of the correlation, criterion
sample size
bigger sample, more accurate estimate
the magnitude of the correlation
for a constant sample size, the larger r is the less likely it is to be 0 in the population
criterion
how careful you want to be b/c we using the sample to guess about the population, we could be wrong
restricted range
data in which participants scores are confined to a narrow range
outliers
a score that is so obviously deviant from the remainder of the data that one can question whether it belongs in the data set
reliability
small measurement error
as error increases,
the observed correlation will decrease
criteria for inferring causality
covariation, temporal priority, extraneous variables
covariation
changes in one variable are associated with changes in another variable
temporal priority
the presumed causal variable precedes the presumed effect in time
extraneous variables
all other variables that may affect the relationship between two variables are controlled or eliminated
partial correlation
measures the degree of assoication between two variables with any effect of other variables removed
curvilinear relationships
correlation is inappropriate
online
artifically inflate
offline
artificially deflate
correlation coefficients
pearson’s r, applies to linear relationships
magnitude
strength of assoication
direction
positive or negative
positive direction
direct
negative direction
inverse assoication
