Chapter 9 Flashcards
The U.S. has made significant progress toward achieving:
Health equity
Eliminating/reducing health disparities
Improving health of all residents
The U.S. lags behind other nations in what five dimensions of health?
Access
Quality
Efficiency
Equity
Healthy lives
Key health outcomes vary greatly by…
Race
Sex
SES status
Geographic location/regional differences
What are social determinants of health?
These are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age such as education attainment, access to health food retailers, environmental hazards, and unemployment.
What is health data?
encompasses all major areas of health statistics, including population and health status, health resources, health care use, health care expenditures, and program management data
Reducing health disparities begins with…
collecting and providing accurate and useful data on causes of disparities
___ gathers a wide variety of timely and reliable data, to include epidemiological and statistical information to protect the health of the nation’s population.
U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS)
What is Healthy People?
A national disease prevention and health promotion initiative that is science-based and provides 10-year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans.
What is the National Center for Health Statistics?
This is one component of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that serves as the federal government’s designated agency for general purpose health statistics. It provides statistical info that guides actions and policies to improve the health of the American people.
The NCHS provides statistic that permit the government to…
Document the health status of the U.S. population & selected subgroups.
Track the impact of major policy initiative.
ID disparities in the health status and use of health care by race and ethnicity, SES, other population characteristics, and geographic region.
Document access to and use of health care system.
Monitor trends in health indicators.
Support biomedical and health services research.
Provide data to support public policies and programs.
The NCHS supports what data systems that collect information?
National Vital Statistics System
- births, deaths, causes of death, fetal deaths, marriages, and divorces
- also have this at the state and county level
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- children/adults interviewed about their health and nutritional status
National Health Care Surveys monitors use of medical care
- physicians’ offices, ambulatory surgery centers, nursing homes, and home health agencies, staffing, patient safety, and clinical management of conditions
National Immunization Survey
- monitors data on childhood immunization coverage
National Survey of Family Growth
- collects data on family life, marriage & divorce, pregnancy, infertility, use of contraception, and men’s/women’s health
The NCHS collect data from surveys that include items on race and ethnicity from these centers and agencies:
Center for Chronic Disease & Health Promotion
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, & Mental Health Administration
National Institute on Drug Abuse
National Institute of Mental Health
Agency for Health Care Policy & Research
Indian Health Services
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
US Census
Data standards on race and ethnicity stemmed from…
from the responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws and were needed to monitor equal access in housing, education, employment, and other areas for populations that historically had experienced discrimination and differential treatment because of their race or ethnicity
The capacity to measure & monitor quality of care for various racial & ethnic populations rests on the ability both to
measure quality of care in general and to conduct similar measurements across different racial, ethnic, and linguistic groups
The Office of Management and Budget provides the standardized ethnic categories for collecting these data:
Black or African American
White
Asian
American Indian or Alaska Native
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
The only ethnicity choice is one of “yes” or “no” to Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
People are allowed to self-identify their ethnicity & race, and OMB permits people to select more than one race or ethnicity as of 1997.
