chapter 9 Flashcards
Plessy v Ferguson (1896)
de jure segregation is constitutional if separate but equal
Sweatt v Painter (1950)
Texas violated 14th amendment with a separate but unequal black law school
Brown v Board of Education (1954)
separate but equal was abolished
Hernandez v Texas (1954)
ended exclusion of Mexican Americans from trial jury
Baker v Carr (1962)
one man one vote, electoral districts represent population
Reynolds v Sims (1964)
one man one vote is the only constitutional thing under equal protection clause of 14th amendment
Tinker v Des Moines School District (1969)
ruled wearing black armbands in school to protest Vietnam War was protected
Mapp v Ohio (1961)
info obtained in violation of 14th amendment cannot be used in court
Gideon v Wainwright (1963)
all criminals have a right to a lawyer whether they can afford one
Escobedo v Illinois (1964)
every accused lawbreaker had to be offered access to a lawyer before being questioned, all evidence of suspect before lawyer can be used against them
Miranda v Arizona (1966)
criminal informed of 5th and 6th amendment rights before being questioned
Engel v Vitale (1962)
ruled school prayer was a violation of the 1st amendment, attempt by governmental body to promote religion
Abington v Schempp (1963)
bible reading in school violated the 1st amendment
Thurgood Marshall
African American lawyer from Baltimore, head of legal team
Earl Warren
appointed Brown decision, chief justice of supreme court
Orval Faubus
Arkansas governor that blocked desegregation
SNCC
lead by Ella Baker, helped young activists to establish civil rights organization
Civil Rights Act of 1964
banned segregation in public accommodations
Civil Rights Act of 1957
gave the US power to investigate violations of civil rights
James Meredith
tried to go to Ole Miss, won case that ordered Ole Miss to desegregate
Medgar Evans
helped with efforts to desegregate Ole Miss
George Wallace
Alabama Governor who was pro segregation, tried to block integration in Alabama schools
Freedom Summer
campaign project for SNCC, organized voter education projects
Voting Rights Act
banned literacy tests
24th amendment
banned poll tax
Kerner Commission
concluded that long term racial discrimination was single most important cause of violence
Black Panthers
formed by Newton and Seale, entered state capitol in Sacramento with guns to protest attempts to restrict their right to bear arms
affirmative action
established by Nixon administration, close economic gap between black and white people, schools followed federal lead
Lester Maddox
closed his restaurant instead of complying with 1964 Civil Rights Act
New Frontier
Kennedy’s proposed plan
Warren Commission
commission on assassination, established by Lyndon B Johnson
Warren Court
led by chief justice Earl Warren, supported civil rights, voting rights, and personal privacies
Barry Goldwater
republican candidate in 1964 election, lost to LBJ
Great Society
proposed plan by LBJ
War on Poverty
helped train the jobless, educate the uneducated
