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chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

flexible response

A

prepared US to fight any type of conflict

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2
Q

Peace Corps

A

1961, sent American volunteers around the world on “missions of freedom”

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3
Q

Alliance for Progress

A

promised to resurrect America’s Good Neighbor policy towards Latin America

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4
Q

Bay of Pigs invasion

A

April 17, 1961, CIA-led force of Cuban exiles, almost strengthened Castro

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5
Q

Cuban missile crisis

A

Soviets built nuclear missile sites in Cuba to “protect” Castro from US

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6
Q

hot line

A

telephone system between Moscow and DC to improve communication during Cuban missile crisis

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7
Q

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

A

US, Great Britain, and Soviet Union signed, ended above ground nuclear threats

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8
Q

Berlin Wall

A

separated Germany’s democratic west and communist east

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9
Q

domino theory

A

idea that if Vietnam fell to communism, its closest neighbors would follow (Japan, Australia, Philippines)

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10
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

demanded independence for Vietnam, involved in anti-French organizations

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11
Q

napalm

A

jellied gasoline dropped in large canisters, exploded on impact, clung to anything

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12
Q

hawk

A

supported Johnson’s war policy, believe strongly in containment of communism and domino theory

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13
Q

dove

A

broke with Johnson’s war policy, questioned war and how morally correct it was along with if it was a strategic plan

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14
Q

William Westmoreland

A

General, American commander in South Vietnam, believed US needed to increase military presence in Vietnam

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15
Q

draftee

A

young men drafted into military

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16
Q

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

A

founded in 1960, originally an anti-racism group, led campus teach-ins

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17
Q

“credibility gap”

A

referred to American public’s growing distrust of statements made by the government

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18
Q

tet offensive

A

assault on 36 provincial capitals and 5 major cities, communists take hold of cities until urban population took up arms in their support

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19
Q

Robert Kennedy

A

democratic senator, ran for president against McCarthy

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20
Q

vietnamization

A

US forces withdraw as ARVN troops assume more combat duty

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21
Q

My Lai

A

unit began shooting and killing unarmed civilians, killed between 400-500 Vietnamese

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22
Q

Pentagon Papers

A

classified government history of America’s involvement in Vietnam

23
Q

Paris Peace Accords

A

North and South Vietnam agreed to a ceasefire and US troop withdrawal from South Vietnam, America would get their POWs

24
Q

Roy P. Benavidez

A

green beret sergeant, many many injuries, saved at least 8 people’s lives

25
Q

Which military strategy did William Westmoreland advocate?

A

increasing U.S. military involvement in Vietnam

26
Q

What was the goal of President Nixon’s “Vietnamization” plan?

A

to withdraw U.S. troops gradually and let Vietnamese soldiers fight the war

27
Q

Critics of the Selective Service System were concerned that

A

many draftees were from working-class or poor backgrounds.

28
Q

From 1964 to 1968, he was the commander of U.S. forces in the Vietnam War.

A

William Westmoreland

29
Q

American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969.

A

Lyndon Johnson

30
Q

He joined the army at the age of 19 and eventually went to Vietnam in 1965. For his bravery while wounded during a rescue mission in Cambodia in 1968, _________________ was awarded the Medal of Honor (in 1981).

A

Roy P. Benavidez

31
Q

Assassinated after winning the California primary in the 1968 presidential campaign.

A

Robert Kennedy

32
Q

Served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 until 1974.

A

Richard Nixon

33
Q

Was one of the most influential anti colonial leaders in Asia. He led North Vietnam’s fight to reunify North and South Vietnam, serving as president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 1945 until his death in 1969.

A

Ho Chi Minh

34
Q

How did the United States respond to Ngo Dinh Diem’s crumbling anticommunist regime?

A

The United States helped to remove him from power.

35
Q

What objective did American military leaders hope to achieve in North Vietnam with military campaigns such as Operation Rolling Thunder?

A

They believed that the strikes would lower the enemy’s morale and drive the North Vietnamese to negotiate a peace treaty.

36
Q

In 1968, violence erupted outside the Democratic National Convention in _________.

A

Chicago

37
Q

Ho Chi Minh’s military doctrine hinged on fighting only when victory was assured, which meant never fighting on his opponents’ terms. He compared his troops to a tiger, while the Americans were like an elephant. If the tiger stands still, the elephant will crush it. But if the tiger keeps moving and occasionally jumps on the elephant to take a bite out of it, the elephant will slowly bleed to death.
What did Ho Chi Minh believe this strategy would ultimately accomplish against the American military?

A

He believed that if the North Vietnamese wore the American forces down enough they would eventually leave.

38
Q

Why did Green Beret Sergeant Roy Benavidez receive a Congressional Medal of Honor?

A

for risking his own life in order to save the lives of at least eight men

39
Q

Why did the United States become involved in the Vietnam War?

A

to defend Vietnam and its neighbors from communism

40
Q

What can you infer from the map about the nature of the Tet Offensive?

A

It was a coordinated series of attacks on American military outposts.

41
Q

To what did the “credibility gap” refer?

A

the contradiction between official statements and media reports

42
Q

How did the domino theory influence United States foreign policy?

A

It suggested that the United States would need to support governments fighting communism.

43
Q

The violence that erupted outside the Democratic National Convention in Chicago in 1968 and the confusion inside gave the impression that

A

the nation was in disorder and the Democrats had lost control.

44
Q

The Tet Offensive was a strategic blow to the U.S. military because

A

it showed that the communists were still strong and determined.

45
Q

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution affected the relationship between branches of the U.S. government because it

A

gave the president, instead of Congress, the power to declare war.

46
Q

Why did the hawks support U.S. military efforts in Vietnam?

A

They believed that Vietnam was a crucial front in the Cold War.

47
Q

1973 Peace agreement between the United States, South Vietnam, North Vietnam, and the Vietcong that effectively ended the Vietnam War

A

Paris Peace Accords

48
Q

A person who opposed U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.

A

dove

49
Q

Classified U.S. government study that revealed American leaders involved the United States in Vietnam without fully informing the American people; leaked to the New York Times in 1971.

A

pentagon papers

50
Q

Defense policy allowing for the appropriate action in any type of conflict.

A

flexible response

51
Q

A village in South Vietnam where in 1968 American forces opened fire on unarmed civilians. U.S. soldiers killed between 400 and 500 Vietnamese.

A

My Lai

52
Q

1973 law passed by Congress restricting the President’s war-making powers; the law requires the President to consult with Congress before committing American forces to a foreign conflict.

A

War Powers Act

53
Q

Idea that if a nation falls to communism, its closest neighbors will also fall under communist control.

A

domino theory

history (3 decks)

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