chapter 21-22 middle ages Flashcards
why did the scientific revolution start
the renaissance humanists began to read works in latin and greek that had different views than aristotle; thinkers disagreed
ptolemy discovery
geocentric model of the universe
nicolas copernicous discovery
heliocentric model of the universe
what is the heliocentric theory
belief that the sun was the center of the universe, moved in an elliptical motion
what is the geocentric theory
belief that earth was the center of the universe
rene descartes beliefs on rationalism
wanted to start over with his beliefs and only believe what he could prove; based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge
francis bacon discovery
scientific method
john locke beliefs
people were born with a blank mind and were molded by their experiences
baron de montesquieu discovery
englands government had 3 branches
deism beliefs
god had created the universe and set in motion, also believed that god allowed the universe to run without his interference
what is laissez faire
concept that the state shouldnt impose government regulations but should leave the economy alone
what are coffeehouses
gathering places where ideas were exchanged, could provide newspapers for free, usually women
what happened at salons
writeres, artisans, and other wealthy middle class people would discuss ideas of philosophes
characteristics of rococo
highly secular, emphasized grace and charm, gentle acting
wolfgang amadeus mozart creation
new style of music: classical music
what was enlightened absolutism
a system in which rulers tried to govern by enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers
what is serfdom
kept a rigid system of social classes so everyone was NOT treated equally
where was the seven years war fought
india, europe, and north america
seven years war effect on britain
gained control of india, gained land east of the mississippi from france, by 1763 it was the worlds largest colonial power
why did the stamp act exist
british leaders wanted to get more money from the colonies to help cover costs
what did the treaty of paris do
recognized independence of american colonies, gave americans control of western territory
problems with the articles of confederation
almost all power was in the states, the nation was too weak
who has the power based on the constitution
power was shared between national and state governments
where did the bill of rights come from
natural rights proposed philosophies and writers like john locke
what did the first estate bring to the french society
upper clergy members were often from nobility and their voices carried more weight
what occupations did most people in the second estate have
government, military, and courts
the third estate contribution to french society
defeated guards, decapitated the warden, demolished bastille brick by brick
what did the invasion of the bastille lead to
the beginning of the french revolution
what did the declaration of rights of man and the citizens do
all men are created equal and free, public office was based on talent, no one is exempt from taxation, freedom of speech is guaranteed, men and women had the same rights
the national convention
first goal was to abolish the monarchy and develop a republic, executed over 1800 people in lyons, children go to school until age 10, slavery was abolished
the reign of terror affect on society
new constitution, churches reopened
why did the directory fail
the amount of corruption that took place
what is a coup detat
takeover of the government
napoleon bonaparte changes
positive relationship w the catholic church, created a consulate government, seven codes , women were not equal
the napoleon empire
french empire, dependent states, allied states
what led to the napoleon empire decline
the french never fully defeated great britain, nationalism increased
what happened to napoleons army when they invaded russia
lost thousands of soliders
why was napoleon allowed to return to france
his quote if theres a man among you who would kill your emperor, here i am
battle of waterloo effect
napoleon was exiled until he died in 1821
congress of vienna changes
rearranged who owned what land to balance out power
