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Psych Unit 5 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

Motivation

A

Internal drives and desires that activate the organism to pursue some goal

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2
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

A desire to engage in some activity or behavior as a function of internal interest and/or to achieve a desired internal state

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3
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

Engaging in some activity or a behavior that brings something external that the individual needs or desires

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4
Q

Implicit Motives

A

Motives that either exist outside of our awareness or influence us without our direct awareness

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5
Q

Explicit Motives

A

The drives and striving of which we are consciously aware and may even consciously elect to pursue

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6
Q

Motivational Interviewing

A

A psychotherapeutic treatment that helps people identify their goals and values and reflect on if their current actions are helping them achieve their goals or not

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7
Q

Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology

A

The division of psychology that studies variables that impact workplace organization, performance, and satisfaction

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8
Q

What are the three universal components in motivation definitions?

A

Drive/desire
Aims
Activation

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9
Q

Drive Reduction Theory

A

Views motivation as an arousal state that accompanies a deficit or deprivation state for a given need

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10
Q

Incentives

A

External stimuli that activate motives because they are rewarding or desirable

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11
Q

Optimal Arousal Theory

A

Humans seek to regulate their arousal by adjusting their behaviors in a manner that fits the individual and the situation

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12
Q

Sensation Seeking

A

Preferences for higher levels of arousal and a tendency to pursue sensory experiences

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13
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

Task performance is best when we have a moderate level of arousal

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14
Q

Satiety

A

The feeling we have when we have eaten enough

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15
Q

WWII Deprivation study

A

Ancel keys studied how men responded to semi-starvation, they constantly thought about food

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16
Q

Internal balloon study

A

Washburn swallowed a balloon that expanded. Suggested that stomach contractions contribute to hunger sensations

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17
Q

Later hypothalamus

A

The outer portions of the hypothalamus and these parts send signals that activate hunger and thirst motives

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18
Q

Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

A

The inner portion of the hypothalamus that is closer to the front. Terminates feelings of hunger and creates feelings of satiety

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19
Q

Glucose

A

A type of sugar in your bloodstream that supplies energy for your body tissue and cells

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20
Q

Ghrelin

A

Is often referred to as the “hunger hormone” because it stimulates the lateral hypothalamus to create hunger motivation

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21
Q

Orexin

A

A hormone-like substance released by the lateral hypothalamus and regulates many basic motives, including hunger

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22
Q

Insulin

A

Secreted by the pancreas, helps cells absorb glucose and it also acts to suppress hunger

23
Q

CCK (Cholecystokinin)

A

A hormone secreted by the gastrointestinal system that aids in digestion and reduces hunger

24
Q

Peptide YY

A

Another hormone also secreted by the small intestine that reduces the hunger drive

25
Q

Eating studies

A

De Castro showed how people eat more when they are around others

26
Q

Unit Bias

A

The tendency to think of food in terms of “units” when determining how much to consume

27
Q

Metabolism

A

The process by which the food and liquids you consume are transformed and converted into energy

28
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate

A

How much energy your body is using when it is at rest

29
Q

Body Mass Index

A

A person’s weight-to-height ratio and is calculated by taking a person’s weight and dividing it by the square of that person’s height

30
Q

TOFI

A

These individuals often have a BMI in the normal or slightly overweight range, but have large quantities of fat inside

31
Q

Set Point Theory

A

Over time, the body develops a sense of how much energy it needs in relation to how much energy it burns and uses this information to adjust hunger motivation over time

32
Q

Leptin

A

Is secreted by fat cells, plays a role in regulating food consumption and energy use. Your leptin level tells your brain how much energy is stored

33
Q

Settling Point Theory

A

Our set point is more flexible and more greatly impacted by lifestyle, environment, and culture

34
Q

Mindful Eating

A

Non-judgmental observation of the physical and psychological sensations that occur while eating

35
Q

Psychological needs

A

Henry Murray and David McClelland, desired states

36
Q

Picture-Story Exercise

A

Participants or patients are shown an image and asked to think for a bit and then make up a story with a beginning, middle, and an end, based on the image

37
Q

Implicit Motives

A

Motives that exist and/or impact us outside of our conscious awareness, respond to task-intrinsic incentives and influence behaviors in unstructured situation

38
Q

Explicit Motives

A

Motives that we are aware of and/or that we ascribe to ourselves

39
Q

Need for Achievement

A

Involves a desire to perform well based on some standard, to feel challenged, to develop a sense of mastery, and to avoid failure

40
Q

Need for Power

A

Involves strong desires to be influential, capable of impacting one’s environment, and wishes to be recognized

41
Q

Need for Affiliation

A

Refers to a desire to connect with others, to interact socially, and to form mutually dependent relationships

42
Q

Motivation Test Study

A

Participants in the experimental group were told they would be taking a very important test that tapped their abilities. This was expected to prime the idea of achievement. The control group was given no such instruction. Participants from both groups then created stories in response to pictures. As expected, the stories of those in the experimental group contained more achievement words and themes than the stories of those in the control group

43
Q

Ring Toss Study

A

Participants low in achievement motivation opted to stand either very close or far away, while those high in achievement motivation select distances where they were sometimes successful and sometimes not

44
Q

Attachment Theory

A

The biological drive to form close bonds with caregivers in humans and explains how individual differences in the quality of those bonds influence emotion regulation, motivation, and relationship functioning, Ainsworth and Bowlby

45
Q

Attachment System

A

The inborn biological system regulating the attachment drive

46
Q

Felt Security

A

The attachment theory term that refers to the individual’s inner sense of feeling safe, calm, and loved, which satisfies attachment-related motives

47
Q

Strange Situation

A

A laboratory procedure that can be used to study individual differences in attachment and to identify a child’s attachment style, Ainsworth and Bowlby

48
Q

Harry Harlow

A

There is an inborn drive to socialize and bond with caregivers among some higher order animals

49
Q

Secure Attachment Style

A

Balance desires for exploring the environment and developing themselves with connecting with their caregivers and relying on them for support

50
Q

Anxious-Ambivalent Style

A

Overly active attachment systems, resulting in excessive concerns regarding proximity, clingy behavior, and reluctance to leave the attachment figure and explore the environment

51
Q

Anxious-Avoidant Style

A

They tend to immediately begin exploring the toys. However, when the caregiver leaves the room they don’t behaviorally express distress or seek proximity. Instead, they continue to play with the toys

52
Q

Internal Working Models

A

Explicit and implicit neural networks that are organized from developmental experiences with attachment figures and which are used to navigate future close relationships

53
Q

Ostracism

A

Being actively excluded from a group

Psych Unit 5 (3 decks)

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