Chapter 9 Flashcards
The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth’s surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
Agriculture
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering.
Agricultural Revolution
Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family.
Subsistence agriculture
Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm
Commercial agriculture
Physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
Food security
A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
Pastoral nomadism
The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.
Transhumance
A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another, each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
Shifting cultivation
The large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.
Plantation
A form of subsistence agriculture characteristics of Asia’s major population concentrations in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
Intensive subsistence agriculture
The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil.
Crop rotation
The cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.
Aquaculture/Aquafarming
Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
Agribusiness
The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
Horticulture
Commercial gardening and fruit farming.
Truck farming
