Chapter 10

Question 1

A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum or development

Answer 1

Developed Country

Question 2

A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of development

Answer 2

Developing Country

Question 3

A process of improvement in the conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology

Answer 3

Development

Question 4

An alternative to international trade that provides greater equity to workers, small businesses, and consumers, focusing primarily on products exported from developing countries

Answer 4

Fair Trade

Question 5

Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country

Answer 5

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Question 6

An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the extent of each country’s gender inequality in terms of reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market

Answer 6

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

Question 7

The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, not accounting for money that leaves and enters the country

Answer 7

Gross domestic product (GDP)

Question 8

The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country

Answer 8

Gross national income (GNI)

Question 9

An indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the level of development for a country through a combination of income, education, and life expectancy

Answer 9

Human Development Index (HDI)

Question 10

The percentage of a country’s people who can read and write

Answer 10

Literacy Rate

Question 11

Provision of small loans and financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries

Answer 11

Microfinance

Question 12

Eight goals adopted by the U.N. in 2002 to reduce disparities between developed and developing countries by 2015

Answer 12

Millennium Development Goals

Question 13

The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth, generally through agriculture

Answer 13

Primary Sector

Question 14

The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials

Answer 14

Secondary Sector

Question 15

Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions that encourage international trade

Answer 15

Structural Adjustment Program (SAP)

Question 16

Seventeen goals adopted by the U.N. in 2015 to redice disparities between developed and developing countries by 2030

Answer 16

Sustainable Development Goals

Question 17

The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the people in exchange for payment

Answer 17

Tertiary Sector