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PSYC 1200 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Heritability

A

Represents the degree to which individual differences in a population are due to genetic differences

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2
Q

What does Francis Galton’s Anthropometric approach say about intelligence?

A

Those with superior sensory abilities would be better able to learn about the world –> more intelligent

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3
Q

Anthropometrics

A

Methods for measuring physical and mental variations in humans

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4
Q

What did Galton’s sensory test scores not predict?

A

Academic success

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5
Q

Intelligence

A

Ability to overcome, think, understand, reason, and adapt to overcome obstacles

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6
Q

What is Stanford-Binet test?

A

Measures complex thinking processes, and mental age.

Test scores were believed to represent a fixed mental capacity.

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7
Q

What was the original purpose of the Stanford-Binet test?

A

Meant to measure the intelligence of a person and give them the help they need to make them catch up with their peers.

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8
Q

IQ calculation formula

A

(Mental age/chronological age) * 100

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9
Q

Entity theory

A

Belief that intelligence is a fixed characteristic and relatively difficult or impossible to change.

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10
Q

Incremental theory

A

Belief that intelligence can be shaped by experience, inactive and effort.

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11
Q

Charles spearman’s ‘General intelligence’

A

He noticed correlations between schoolchildren’s grades in different subjects. This led to his hypothesis of a “general intelligence factor (g)”

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12
Q

What is ‘g’ correlated with?

A

Academic success
Longevity
Relationship success
Income
Psychological well-being
Improved decision-making and self-control.

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13
Q

Spearman’s 2 factor theory of intelligence

A

g: general intelligence
s: skill-based, specific intelligence

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14
Q

Louis Thurstone’s 7 primary mental abilities

A

Fluency
Verbal comprehension
Numeric abilities
Memory
Spatial visualization
Perceptual speed
Reasoning

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15
Q

Factor analysis

A

Techniques used to group items that people respond to similarly

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16
Q

Hierarchical model of intelligence

A

General intelligence –> primary mental abilities –> task specific (low level abilties)

17
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

Used in learning new information and solving new problems.

Not based on previous knowledge. Declines with age.

18
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Uses past learning and experience.
Remains stable with age.

19
Q

Are Gf and Gc separate types of intelligence?

A

Thought to to be separate. –> Evidence: Different brain areas are used for different types of intelligence.

However, greater Gf may contribute to greater Gc over time.

20
Q

Gardner’s 7 forms of intelligence

A

Verbal/linguistic
Logical/mathematical
Visuospatial
Bodily/kinesthetic
Musical/rhythmical
Self/intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Naturalist
Existential

21
Q

Savants

A

Individuals with low mental capacity in most domains but extraordinary abilities in other areas

22
Q

In twin and adoption studies, do genes have an relation to intelligence?

A

Yes, as genetic relatedness increase, so does similarity in IQ scores.

Evidence suggests the same in identical twins raised apart.

23
Q

Behavioral Genomics

A

Examines how specific genes interact with the environment to influence behaviors.

24
Q

Gene Knockout (KO) studies

A

Removal of specific genes in an animal and observation of associated behavior.

25
Q

Transgenic animal studies

A

Insertion of genetic material into animal.

26
Q

Is the surface area of the brain (gyri and sulci) strongly related to intelligence?

A

Yes

27
Q

What happens to animals raised in physically and socially stimulating environments?

A

They demonstrate faster learning, enhanced brain development.

28
Q

Why is it possible that older children in families have a higher IQ?

A

More 1 on 1 attention from parents.

Opportunity to teach younger siblings → deeper processing of
information.

29
Q

Children from higher SES families are…?

A

Are exposed to larger and richer vocabulary.

Receive more support in favour of intellectual pursuits and development.

Receive more interaction with parents.

Have more access to literature and computers.

Have more opportunity for learning experiences outside the home.

Receive less punishment from parents.

30
Q

How is nutrition related to intelligence?

A

Higher saturated fat diets –> Lower cognitive functioning.

31
Q

Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and children

A

Type of diet early in life can
influence later IQ scores

32
Q

Flynn Effect

A

Steady population-level increase in intelligence test scores over
time.

PSYC 1200 (7 decks)

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