Chapter 12 Flashcards
Personality
Individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving.
Approaches to studying personality
Ideographic and nomothetic
Idiographic approach
Creating detailed descriptions of a specific person’s unique personality characteristics.
Constructing a theory of the way someone is, why they behave that way.
Intuitive rather than scientific.
Nomothetic approach
Examining personality in large groups of people, making generalizations.
Personality traits
Specific psychological characteristics that make up a person’s personality.
How a person behaves most of the time.
State
Temporary physical or psychological engagement that influences behavior.
Barnum Statements
Used to refer to certain personality factors that’s designed to trick you in some way.
Overgeneralized statements about your personality.
Five factor model
Openness
Conscientious
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Agreeableness
HEXACO model of personality
Generally replicates FFM but with an extra factor:
Honesty-Humility
Openness traits
Low: prefer to follow rules, down to earth.
High: lots of curiosity and creativity, artistic, imaginative, potentially unconventional, non-conforming
Conscientiousness traits
Low: less organized, less detail oriented, spontaneous
High: organized, efficient, self-disciplined, punctual, dependable, may experience higher levels of work-related stress
Extraversion traits
Low: ‘introverted’ or ‘reserved’
High: enjoy socializing, seek attention, assertive, prefer high levels of stimulation and excitement
Agreeableness traits
Low: not afraid to disagree, competitive, not the same as disagreeableness
High: try to please others, minimize conflict, conflict resolution may come at a cost to well-being, success, trusting
Neuroticism traits
Low: secure, confident, usually good at managing emotions
High: anxious, insecure, react strongly to negative events, may focus on perceived flaws
Dark triad
Psychopathy: Demonstrating shallow emotional responses, feel little empathy for others.
Narcissism: Egotistical preoccupation with self-image and self-importance.
Machiavellianism: Tendency to use people, to manipulate and deceive.