Chapter 9 Flashcards
Reduction
adding electrons to a substance
Oxidation
removing electrons from a substance
Oxidizing agent
accepts or receives electrons
Reducing agent
donates or give electrons
Redox reaction
A chemical reaction involving the complete or partial transfer of electrons from one reactant to another.
In eukaryotes, what is the process that oxidizes acetyl CoA and results in carbon dioxide?
citric acid cycle (or krebbs cycle)
Substrate level phosphorylation
A process that occurs when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP in order to synthesize ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation
A process that occurs when ATP synthesis is powered by the redox reactions of an electron transport chain.
Phosphorylation
The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule.
Oxaloacetate
The compound that combines with acetyl CoA to form citrate at the start of the Krebs Cycle.
In an aerobically respiring prokaryotic cell, where would the proteins of the electron transport chain be found?
mitochondrial matrix
coenzyme A
bonds to acetate (oxidized form of pyruvate) to go into krebs cycle
Most of the electron carriers in the electron transport chain are ___________________ with an iron atom in their heme group that accepts and donates electrons.
Cytochromes
Ubiquinone
A small hydrophobic molecule, it is the only member of the electron transport chain that is not a protein.
Chemiosmosis
The process where energy stored in the form of a chemical gradient across a membrane is used to do work is
beta oxidation
A process that breaks the fatty acid chains of fats into two carbon molecules that can feed into the Krebs cycle.
phosphofructokinase
The enzyme in the metabolic pathway of glycolysis that can be inhibited or stimulated by various end products or intermediaries.
true or false: the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water is exergonic
true
true or false: when a molecule is reduced, it gains energy
true
what happens when electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom?
energy is released, the more electronegative atom is reduced
