Chapter 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Carbon
A
- 6 protons/electrons/neutrons
- makes it able to bond very easily which is why much of life is built on carbon (chains)
- “organic molecules” = molecule with carbon in it
2
Q
Carboxyl functional group
A
C, R, O, OH
(one carbon, one R group, one hydroxide)
3
Q
Carbonyl functional group
A
C, R, R, O
(one carbon, one oxygen, two r groups)
4
Q
Amino functional group
A
N, R, H, H
(one nitrogen, one r group, two hydrogn)
5
Q
Phosphate functional group
A
P, O, O, O, O
(one phosphate, four oxygen)
6
Q
Hydroxyl functional group
A
O, R, H
(one oxygen, one r group, one hydrogen)
7
Q
Monomers
A
- the building blocks for polymers
EX: lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins
8
Q
Hydrolysis
A
- process that breaks polymer into 2 monomers by adding water
EX: DNA to nucleic acids requires hydrolysis
9
Q
Dehydration
A
- process that forms bond between 2 monomers by removing water
EX: amino acids to proteins requires dehydration
10
Q
Lipid structure
A
- LONG structures of carbon, surrounded by hydrogen
- hydrophobic tail (nonpolar)
- hydrophilic head (polar) made of OH (carboxyl group?) -> in PHOSPHOLIPIDS only
11
Q
Saturated lipid
A
- straight structure
- hydrogen all around carbon chain
- is liquid at room temp
- single bonds only
EX: butter
12
Q
Unsaturated lipid
A
- bent structure
- hydrogen not all the way around
- if hydrogen is added, it straightens unsaturated lipid out and becomes a transfat
EX: olive oil
13
Q
The 3 main lipids
A
- triglycerol (head with three tails)
- phospholipid (three heads with
14
Q
Lipid general def
A
- only form monomers not polymers
- have little to no affinity to water
EX: fats, phospholipids, steroids
15
Q
Steroid
A
a type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of for fused rings with various chemical groups attached
