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CLA 131 (Medical Terminology) > Chapter #9 > Flashcards

Chapter #9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Brings oxygen into the bloodstream, where it is transported to all body cells?

A

Respiratory system

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2
Q

Removes the waste product, carbon dioxide, from the blood and channels it outside the body?

A

Respiratory system

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3
Q

Upper respiratory system includes:

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx

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4
Q

Lower respiratory system includes:

A

Trachea in the neck and chest; the bronchial tree, which branches extensively throughout the lungs, the tiny air sacs within the lungs knows as alveoli

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5
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacs within the lungs

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6
Q

Alveol/o

A

Air sac, alveolus

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7
Q

Bronch/o bronch/i

A

Air way, bronchus

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8
Q

Hem/o, hemat/o

A

Blood

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9
Q

Laryng/o

A

Voice box, larynx

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10
Q

Lob/o

A

A rounded part, lobe

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11
Q

Muc/o

A

Mucus

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12
Q

Nas/o

A

Nose

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13
Q

Ox/i

A

Oxygen

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14
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Throat, pharynx

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15
Q

Phragm/o, phragmat/o

A

Partition

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16
Q

Pleur/o

A

Rib, pleura

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17
Q

Pneum/o , pneumon/o

A

Air, lung

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18
Q

Pulmon/o

A

Lung

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19
Q

Rhin/o

A

Nose

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20
Q

Sept/o

A

Putrefying; wall, partition

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21
Q

Sinus/o

A

Cavity

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22
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest, thorax

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23
Q

Trache/o

A

Windpipe, trachea

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24
Q

anoxia

A

Absence of oxygen

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25
Q

Aphonia

A

Condition of sound or voice

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26
Q

Apnea

A

Longer than a normal pause between breaths

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27
Q

Sleep apnea

A

One or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths occur while sleeping

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28
Q

A-, an-

A

Without, absence of

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29
Q

Brady-

A

Slow

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30
Q

Dys-

A

Bad, abnormal, painful, difficult

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31
Q

Epi-

A

Upon, over, above, on top

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32
Q

Eu-

A

Normal, good

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33
Q

Hyper-

A

Excessive, abnormally high, above

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34
Q

Hypo-

A

Deficient, abnormally low, below

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35
Q

Tachy-

A

Rapid, fast

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36
Q

Bronch/o

A

Airway, bronchus

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37
Q

Capn/o

A

Carbon dioxide

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38
Q

Hem/o

A

Blood

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39
Q

Laryng/o

A

Voice box, larynx

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40
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight

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41
Q

Ox/i

A

Oxygen

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42
Q

Rhin/o

A

Nose

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43
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest, thorax

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44
Q

-algia

A

Condition of pain

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45
Q

-dynia

A

Condition of pain

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46
Q

-emia

A

Condition of blood

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47
Q

-oxia

A

Condition of oxigen

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48
Q

-phonia

A

Condition of sound or voice

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49
Q

-pnea

A

Breath

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50
Q

-ptysis

A

To cough up

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51
Q

-rrhagia

A

Abnormal discharge

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52
Q

-spasm

A

Sudden involuntary muscle contraction

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53
Q

-staxis

A

Dripping

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54
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormal slowing of the breathing

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55
Q

Bronchospam

A

A narrowing of the airway caused by the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the tiny tubes

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56
Q

Bronchospam

A

Sign of respiratory disease, asthma

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57
Q

Cheyne-stokes respiration

A

It’s a repeated pattern of distressed breathing marked by a gradual increase of deep breathing, followed by shallow breathing and apnea

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58
Q

Dysphonia

A

It is the symptom of a hoarse voice

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59
Q

Dyspnea

A

Symptom of difficult breathing, usually caused by a respiratory disease or cardiac disorder

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60
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing rhythm

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61
Q

Functions of respiratory system?

A

Provides oxygen into the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the blood through the process of diffusion

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62
Q

What molecule is required for energy production during cell metabolism

A

Oxygen

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63
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed

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64
Q

Hemoptysis

A

The symptom of coughing up and spitting out blood

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65
Q

Hemothrax

A

“Chest blood” it is the pooling of blood within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs

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66
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Excessive levels of carbon dioxide in the blood is a sign of respiratory failure

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67
Q

Hypocapnia

A

Deficiency or low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

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68
Q

Hyperpnea

A

The sign of abnormally deep breathing or an abnormally high rate of breathing

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69
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Abnormally rapid shallow breathing is more common among patients experiencing anxiety attacks

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70
Q

Hypopnea

A

Abnormally shallow breathing

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71
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Reduced breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body’s gas exchange demand

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72
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood its a sign of respiratory deficiency

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73
Q

Hypoxia

A

Is a sign of abnormally low levels of oxygen throughout the body

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74
Q

Laryngospasm

A

It’s the closure of the glottis, the opening into the larynx due to muscular contractions of the throat

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75
Q

Orthopnea

A

Limited ability to breathe when lying down and because relieved when sitting upright

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76
Q

Paroxysm

A

Sudden onset of symptomatic sharp pain or a convulsion

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77
Q

Sputum

A

Expectorated ( coughed out from the lungs) matter

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78
Q

Tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing

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79
Q

Thoracalgia

A

Symptoms of pain in the chest region

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80
Q

A-

A

Absence of, without

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81
Q

Epi-

A

Upon, over, above, on top

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82
Q

Atel/o

A

Incomplete

83
Q

Bronch/o

A

Airway, bronchus

84
Q

Carcin/o

A

Cancer

85
Q

Caccidioid/o

A

Coccidioides immitis ( a fungus)

86
Q

Coni/o

A

Dust

87
Q

Cyst/o

A

Bladder, sac

88
Q

Embol/o

A

Plug

89
Q

Fibr/o

A

Fiber

90
Q

Glott/o

A

Opening into the windpipe

91
Q

Laryng/o

A

Voice box, larynx

92
Q

Myc/o

A

Fungus

93
Q

Nas/o

A

Nose

94
Q

Pharyng/o

A

Throat, pharynx

95
Q

Pleur/o

A

Rib, pleura

96
Q

Pneum/o, pneumon/o

A

Air, lung

97
Q

Pulmon/o

A

Lung

98
Q

Py/o

A

Pus

99
Q

Rhin/o

A

Nose

100
Q

Sinus/o

A

Cavity

101
Q

Sphyx/o

A

Pulse

102
Q

Sten/o

A

Narrow

103
Q

Tonsill/o

A

Almond, tonsil

104
Q

Trache/o

A

Windpipe, trachea

105
Q

Tubercul/o

A

Little swelling

106
Q

-al

A

Pertaining to

107
Q

-ary

A

Pertaining to

108
Q

-ectasis

A

Expansion, dilation

109
Q

-genic

A

Pertaining to, producing, forming

110
Q

-ia

A

Condition of

111
Q

-ic

A

Pertaining to

112
Q

-ism

A

Condition of

113
Q

-itis

A

Inflamation

114
Q

-Oma

A

Tumor

115
Q

-osis`

A

Condition of

116
Q

Asphyxia

A

Condition of without pulse

117
Q

Asphyxia

A

Absence of respiratory ventilation

118
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic condition of lungs, widespread narrowing of the bronchioles, Bronchospam and forming mucous plugs

119
Q

Asthmatic bronchitis

A

Asthma complicated with bronchitis

120
Q

Atelectasis

A

Alveoli collapses preventing air from entering in lungs

121
Q

Collapsed lungs

A

When the alveoli in a lung collapse due to abnormal entry or air into the pleural cavity

122
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Chronic, abnormal dilation (widening)of the bronchi

123
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchi

124
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

When bronchioles undergo inflammation

125
Q

Acute bronchitis

A

Usually associated with respiratory tract infections

126
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Usually caused by smoking, although allergies

127
Q

Bronchitis

A

Is caused either by infection or allergies

128
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma

A

An aggressive form of cancer arising from cells within the bronchi

129
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

Acute inflammation disease involving the bronchioles and alveoli

130
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

When chronic bronchitis and emphysema appear simultaneously

131
Q

Coccidioidomycosis

A

A fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract, often spreads to the lungs and other organs

132
Q

Coryza

A

Runny nose

133
Q

Acute coryza

A

A cold that is acute

134
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa

135
Q

Croup

A

A cough resulting from a swelling of the larynx in response to a viral infection

136
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Croup

137
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

Condition of fibrous cyst (bladder)

138
Q

Emphysema

A

To inflate ( its a lung disease characterized by the symptoms of dyspnea, a chronic cough, formation of a barrel chest due to laboratory breathing and gradual deterioration caused by chronic hypoxemia and hypercapnia

139
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis ( caused by bacteria infection that spreads from the throat to the epiglottis can cause airway obstruction specially among children

140
Q

Laryngitis

A

Acute inflammation of the larynx

141
Q

Legionellosis

A

A form of pneumonia that is caused by the bacterium legionella pneumophila

142
Q

Nasopharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the nose and pharynx

143
Q

Pertussis

A

Acute infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi that produces spasmodic coughing

144
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx

145
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Fluid leaks into the pleural cavity

146
Q

Pleuritis

A

Inflammation of the pleural membranes

147
Q

Pneumoconiosis

A

Inflammation of the lungs, when caused by the chronic inhalation of fine particles

148
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation of soft lung tissue (excluding the bronchi) that results in the formation of an exudate (fluid) within alveoli

149
Q

Pneumonitis

A

An inflammatory condition of the lungs that is independent of a particular

150
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Abnormal presence of air or gas within the pleural cavity

151
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Accumulation of fluid within the lungs is a response to infection or injury

152
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Blockage in the pulmonary circulation by a blood clot

153
Q

Embolus

A

Blood clot that moves along with the bloodstream

154
Q

Pythorax

A

The presence of pus in the pleural cavity

155
Q

respiratory distress syndrome

A

Severe respiratory disease that is characterized by rapid respiratory failure

156
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)

A

Severe respiratory disease that is characterized by rapid respiratory failure in newborns

157
Q

Rhinitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity

158
Q

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

A

A severe, rapid onset viral infection resulting in respiratory distress that includes acute lung inflammation, alveolar damage, and atelectasis

159
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous membranes

160
Q

Tonsillitis

A

Inflammation of one or more tonsils

161
Q

Tracheitis

A

Inflammation of the trachea

162
Q

Tracheostenosis

A

Inflammation of trachea caused by bacterial infection that travels downward from the larynx

163
Q

Tuberculosis

A

Infection of the lungs by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis

164
Q

Upper respiratory infection or URI

A

Generalized infection of the upper respiratory tract ( nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx)

165
Q

Acid fast bacilli smear

A

Clinical test performed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria that react to acid

166
Q

Adenoid

A

Pharyngeal tonsil

167
Q

Adenoidectomy

A

Surgical excision of adenoid

168
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Removal of tonsils

169
Q

Antihistamine

A

Therapeutic drug that inhibits the effects of histamines

170
Q

Arterial blood gases

A

Clinic test on arterial blood to identify the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

171
Q

Aspiration

A

The removal of fluid, air, or foreign bodies with suction is a procedure

172
Q

Auscultation

A

Procedure that involves listening to sounds within the body as part of a physical examination, often with the aid of a stethoscope

173
Q

Bronchodilation

A

Procedure that uses a bronchodilating agent to relax the smooth muscle of the airway in an effort to stop bronchial constriction

174
Q

Bronchography

A

The X ray imaging of the bronchi

175
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

the evaluation of the bronchi using a flexible fiber optic tube mounted with a small lens at one end and attached to an eyepiece and computer monitor at the other end

176
Q

Chest CT scan

A

Diagnostic imaging of the chest by a computer tomography (CT) instrument

177
Q

Chest X- ray

A

An X-ray image of the thoracic cavity that is used to diagnose tuberculosis, tumors, and other conditions of the lungs

178
Q

Continuous positive airway pressure ( CPAP)

A

Device that is commonly used to regulate breathing during sleep as a treatment for sleep apnea

179
Q

Ear, nose, and throat specialist (ENT)

A

Physician specializing in the treatment of upper respiratory tract disease

180
Q

Endotracheal intubation

A

Insertion of a noncollapsible breathing tube into the trachea through the nose or mouth

181
Q

Endotracheal

A

Pertaining to within the trachea

182
Q

Expectorant

A

A drug that breaks up mucus and promotes the coughing reflex to expel the mucus

183
Q

Expectorant ( term)

A

Spit out of the chest

184
Q

Incentive spirometry

A

Valuable postoperative breathing therapy

185
Q

Inhaler

A

Device containing a prescription medication such as al uterus, that delivers a specific dosage of aerosolized medicine for inhalation to open the bronchiolar airways

186
Q

Laryngectomy

A

Surgical removal of the larynx

187
Q

Laryngoscopy

A

A diagnostic procedure that uses a modified endoscope to visually examine the larynx

188
Q

Laryngotracheotomy

A

Surgical incision into the larynx an trachea to provide a secondary opening for inspiration and expiration, allowing air to bypass the upper respiratory tract

189
Q

Lobectomy

A

Surgical removal of a single lobe of a lung is sometimes required as a treatment for lung cancer.

190
Q

Mechanical ventilation

A

Medical treatment to provide supplemental oxygen to patients in respiratory distress

191
Q

Nebulizer

A

A device used to convert a liquid medication to a mist and deliver it to the lungs

192
Q

Oximeter

A

Instrument to measure the oxygen levels

193
Q

Oximetry

A

Procedure that measures oxygen levels in blood using a oximeter

194
Q

Pleurocentesis

A

Surgical puncture and aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity

195
Q

Pneumonectomy

A

Surgical removal of a lung

196
Q

Pulmonary angiography

A

Recording of blood vessel pertaining to lung

197
Q

Pulmonary function test

A

Series of diagnostic test performed to determine the cause of lung disease by evaluating lung capacity through the use of spirometry

198
Q

Spirometry

A

Breathing into a tube to measure the air inhaled and exhaled during a normal breathing cycle

199
Q

Pulmonologist

A

A physician specializing int he treatment of disease affecting the lower respiratory tract, particularly the lungs

200
Q

Pulmonary Resuscitation

A

An emergency procedure that is used to restore breathing

201
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR

A

Uses chest compressions itchy he patient lying supine to restore breathing

202
Q

Rhinoplasty

A

Surgical repair of the nose

203
Q

Ventilation perfusion scanning

A

A diagnostic tool that uses nuclear medicine , or the use of radioactive material to evaluate pulmonary function

CLA 131 (Medical Terminology) (9 decks)

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