Chapter 9 - 10 Flashcards
Charlemagne (Charles the Great)
built an empire in Europe greater than any known since ancient Rome from 771-814
Clovis
5th century Frankish leader of a large kingdom who converted to Christianity
William of Normandy (the Conqueror)
1028-1087 Th First Norman king of England; brought feudalism from France to England,
Henry II (1154-1189)
Credited for transforming the jury system and the royal court structure.
Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury
Was the highest ranking Catholic in England
Pope Innocent III
initiated the Fourth Crusade
Slavs
the group of people in southeastern Europe who were the same ethnic group as the Russians
Joan of Arc
(c. 1412-1431) French peasant girl, a heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions; rallied French troops during the Hundred Years War to resist the English and to have Charles VII crowned king
terms
condemned as heretic - inquisition
burned at stake - death
Wergild
“money for a man”; the value of a person in money, depending on social status; in Germanic society, a fine paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person he or she had injured or killed
ordeal
a difficult or painful experience, a trial
Pope
the bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church
archbishop
Pope
the bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church
archbishop
A bishop of the highest rank, generally the bishop of an archdiocese.
Monks
Men who devote their time to praying, studying, and copying, and decorating holy books by hand
Nuns
A woman who takes special religious vows and lives a life of prayer and solitude
Abbesses
Head of monastery or convent for nuns
Vikings
one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western Europe from the eighth through the tenth century.
Feudalism
A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
Vassal
Feudalism
A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land
Vassal
(n.) a person under the protection of a feudal lord to whom he or she owes allegiance; a subordinate or dependent; a servant; (adj.) subservient
Knights
a warrior in medieval Europe who fought on horseback
Fief
Knights
a warrior in medieval Europe who fought on horseback
Fief
land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service
Chivalry
the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code.
Common Law
A legal system based on custom and court rulings
Magna Carta
a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.
Parliament
Magna Carta
a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.
Parliament
A body of representatives that makes laws for a nation
Crusades
A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia
Manor
a large estate owned by a knight or lord
Serf
an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate.
Guilds
Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests
apprentice
A person who works for another in order to learn a trade
Journeyman
A person who has learned a particular trade or craft but has not become an employer, or master
masterpiece
piece created by a journeyman who aspires to be a master craftsperson; it allowed the members of a guild to judge whether the journeyman was qualified to become a master and join the guild
Sacraments
important religious ceremonies such as baptism, marriage, etc.
Heresy
denial of what church says is “gospel” non believers, opposition to the church
Inquisition
a Church court set up to try people accused of heresy
Relics
Bones connected with saint
Gothic Architecture
Architecture of the twelfth-century Europe, featuring stained-glass windows, flying buttresses, tall spires, and pointed arches
Theology
the study of religion and God
Black Plague/Bubonic Plague
the disease that killed a large part of the European population in the Medieval times
Why the Crusades?
it was the response to real and alleged atrocities against Christian pilgrims by Muslims in the holy land, defensive in nature to protect Christianity from being militarily conquered by Islam forces
