Chapter 8.3 Flashcards
What is a hypothesis?
It is a proposed explanation that has not yet been tested to find out if it is a good explanation
-In stats the hypothesis will be in relation to the pop parameter and sample will be used to evaluate it
pg. 484
What are the four step of the scientifie method?
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Theory
pg. 484
What is the fundamental limitation?
We can NEVER use a statistic to PROVE that a population parameter is equal to some specific value, we can only say if it’s consistent or not
pg. 485
What is the language used for testing a hypothesis that the pop parameter is equal to a specific value?
Reject or Fail to Reject
-You must say fail to reject rather than accept to include all possible options without saying it’s 100% correct
pg. 491
What is the language used for testing a hypothesis that the pop parameter is different from a specific value?
Support or Not support
if reject then support, if fail to reject then non support
pg. 494
What is a hypothesis vs a hypothesis test?
hypothesis: an assumption about a population
hypothesis test: a procedure for testing a hyposthesis
pg. 498
What is a null hypothesis?
Hsub0: p=0.5
a statement that the pop parameter is equal to some specific value
pg. 499
What is an alternative hypothesis?
Hsub1: p>0.5 (p more than 0.5)
a statement that the pop parameter is somehow diff from the null hypothesis
pg. 499
What is the significance level?
the boundary for a specific problem between probabilities which are low and probabilities which are not low (each problem will tell you)
symble a-alpha
pg. 500
What is the p-value?
The probalitiy of getting a result at least as extreame as the observed result, assuming that the null is true.
-p-value is low whenever the it’s less than or equal to alpha(significance level)
pg. 500
What is the relationship between p-value and Hsub0?
If the p-value is low, then reject Hsub0
pg. 501
What are the four steps for the p-value method/hypothesis test?
- Identify the null(Hsub0) and alternative hypothesis(Hsub1)
- Find the p-value
- Address Hsub0 (Reject or Fail to Reject)
- State a conclusion that addresses the claim
pg. 501
How do you use the calculator to do the hypothesis test?
Stat-tests
1-PropZTest(5)
Psub0=Hsub0
X=succsses
n=sample value
finds p-value
pg. 502
What do you look at to find HsubO and Hsub1?
The Claim
pg. 505
What is the wording for the final conclusion?
Equal?-Yes-Reject?-Yes-enough to reject
Equal?-Yes-Reject?-No-NOT enough to reject
Equal?-No-Reject?-Yes-enough to support
Equal?-No-Reject?-No-NOT enough to support
pg. 504
How do you find the Critical Value?
look at tails then find a to the left! use invnorm
-draw graph
pg. 514
What is the relationship between the p-value and the test stat?
P-value is the probability of getting a value of the test stat that is at least as extreme as the one given
pg. 516
What the the steps when doing hypothesis tests by hand?
1) Hsub0 and Hsub1
2) Test stat (equation given)
3) Critical Value (invnorm)
4) Address Hsub0
5) State conclusion addressesing claim
pg. 517
