Chapter 8.3

Question 1

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 1

It is a proposed explanation that has not yet been tested to find out if it is a good explanation
-In stats the hypothesis will be in relation to the pop parameter and sample will be used to evaluate it

pg. 484

Question 2

What are the four step of the scientifie method?

Answer 2

1. Observation
2. Hypothesis
3. Experiment
4. Theory

pg. 484

Question 3

What is the fundamental limitation?

Answer 3

We can NEVER use a statistic to PROVE that a population parameter is equal to some specific value, we can only say if it’s consistent or not

pg. 485

Question 4

What is the language used for testing a hypothesis that the pop parameter is equal to a specific value?

Answer 4

Reject or Fail to Reject
-You must say fail to reject rather than accept to include all possible options without saying it’s 100% correct

pg. 491

Question 5

What is the language used for testing a hypothesis that the pop parameter is different from a specific value?

Answer 5

Support or Not support

if reject then support, if fail to reject then non support

pg. 494

Question 6

What is a hypothesis vs a hypothesis test?

Answer 6

hypothesis: an assumption about a population
hypothesis test: a procedure for testing a hyposthesis

pg. 498

Question 7

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 7

Hsub0: p=0.5
a statement that the pop parameter is equal to some specific value

pg. 499

Question 8

What is an alternative hypothesis?

Answer 8

Hsub1: p>0.5 (p more than 0.5)
a statement that the pop parameter is somehow diff from the null hypothesis

pg. 499

Question 9

What is the significance level?

Answer 9

the boundary for a specific problem between probabilities which are low and probabilities which are not low (each problem will tell you)
symble a-alpha

pg. 500

Question 10

What is the p-value?

Answer 10

The probalitiy of getting a result at least as extreame as the observed result, assuming that the null is true.
-p-value is low whenever the it’s less than or equal to alpha(significance level)

pg. 500

Question 11

What is the relationship between p-value and Hsub0?

Answer 11

If the p-value is low, then reject Hsub0

pg. 501

Question 12

What are the four steps for the p-value method/hypothesis test?

Answer 12

1. Identify the null(Hsub0) and alternative hypothesis(Hsub1)
2. Find the p-value
3. Address Hsub0 (Reject or Fail to Reject)
4. State a conclusion that addresses the claim

pg. 501

Question 13

How do you use the calculator to do the hypothesis test?

Answer 13

Stat-tests
1-PropZTest(5)
Psub0=Hsub0
X=succsses
n=sample value
finds p-value

pg. 502

Question 14

What do you look at to find HsubO and Hsub1?

Answer 14

The Claim

pg. 505

Question 15

What is the wording for the final conclusion?

Answer 15

Equal?-Yes-Reject?-Yes-enough to reject
Equal?-Yes-Reject?-No-NOT enough to reject
Equal?-No-Reject?-Yes-enough to support
Equal?-No-Reject?-No-NOT enough to support

pg. 504

Question 16

How do you find the Critical Value?

Answer 16

look at tails then find a to the left! use invnorm
-draw graph

pg. 514

Question 17

What is the relationship between the p-value and the test stat?

Answer 17

P-value is the probability of getting a value of the test stat that is at least as extreme as the one given

pg. 516

Question 18

What the the steps when doing hypothesis tests by hand?

Answer 18

1) Hsub0 and Hsub1
2) Test stat (equation given)
3) Critical Value (invnorm)
4) Address Hsub0
5) State conclusion addressesing claim

pg. 517