Chapter 8.1 Essential Nutrients Flashcards

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0
Q

A molecule composed of three or more submits.

A

Polymer

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1
Q

A molecule composed of sugar subunits that contain carbon:hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio.

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

A single sugar unit.

A

Monosaccharide

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3
Q

One of a group of chemicals that have the same chemical formula but different arrangements of the atoms.

A

Isomer

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4
Q

A sugar formed by the joining of two monosaccharide subunits.

A

Disaccharide

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5
Q

The process by which larger molecules are formed by the removal of water from two smaller molecules.

A

Dehydration Synthesis.

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6
Q

The process by which larger molecules are split into smaller molecules by the addition of water.

A

Hydrolysis

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7
Q

A carbohydrate composed of many single sugar subunits.

A

Polysaccharide

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8
Q

A plant carbohydrate used to store energy.

A

Starch

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9
Q

The form of carbohydrate storage in animals.

A

Glycogen

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10
Q

A plant polysaccharide that makes up plant cell walls.

A

Cellulose

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11
Q

A lipid composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.

A

Triglyceride.

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12
Q

A lipid composed of glycerol and saturated fatty acids; solid at room temperature.

A

Fat.

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13
Q

A lipid composed of glycerol and unsaturated fatty acids; liquid at room temperature.

A

Oil.

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14
Q

A lipid with a phosphate molecule attached to the glycerol backbone, making the molecule polar; the major components of cell membranes.

A

Phospholipid

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15
Q

A long-chain lipid that is insoluble in water.

A

Wax.

16
Q

A chain of amino acids that form the structural parts of cells or act as antibodies or enzymes.

A

Protein.

17
Q

A chemical that contains nitrogen; can be liked together to form proteins.

A

Amino Acids

18
Q

The bond that joins amino acids.

A

Peptide Bond.

19
Q

A chain of three or more amino acids.

A

Polypeptide.

20
Q

An amino acid that must be obtained from the diet.

A

Essential Amino Acid.

21
Q

The process that occurs when the bonds of a protein molecule are disrupted, causing a temporary change in shape.

A

Denaturation.

22
Q

The process that occurs when the bonds of a protein molecule are disrupted, causing a permanent change in shape.

A

Coagulation.