Chapter 8: Varieties of American Nationalism Flashcards
The War of 1812 & Its Aftermath:
-Caused chaos in shipping & banking (exposing inadequacies)
-The post war era renewed efforts towards economic development
-It demonstrated the need to reinstate the National Bank (charter issued in 1816)
-1st American Manufacturing Mill opens in Waltham, MA
-Protective tariff passed in 1816 to promote manufacturing
Transportation
-Debate whether national government is responsible for “internal improvements”
-The National Road is an example of federal spending on infrastructure
-Steamboats become more commonplace for shipping (need for canals)
the great migration
-Population growth prompted expansion (5.3 million to 9.6 million… 1800-1820)
-Demand for more agricultural land
-Policies towards Natives freed up land and made it more attractive to settlers
More land is needed because more farmers are coming but no more space is available so the Natives were pushed farther and farther back.
White Settlers in the Old Northwest
-Migrants settled in groups and created new communities
-Labor shortages required mutual aid
-Settlers were mobile…moving from place to place (sold land for large profits)
The Old Northwest was where Wisconsin is now.
The Plantation System in the Old Southwest
-High demand for cotton…Alabama & Mississippi known as the Black Belt
-Small farmers settled the land but wealthy farmers bought them out
-Slavery continued to expand
-Success in the region was not guaranteed
Trade & Trapping in the Far West
-Trade between the U.S. and the far west grew throughout the 1800s
-Mexico won its independence in 1821 and opened its territories for trade
-American William Bicknell began trade along the Santa Fe Trail
-Mountain Men (few in #) dominated the fur trade in the Far West(the problem was that it was very difficult and lonely some competitions and have to do everything yourself)
Eastern Images of the West
-Easterners knew of explorers but little of the trappers in the west
-Stephen H. Long labeled the Great Plains the “Great American Desert”
The Era of Good Feelings & The end of the first party system
-The post war era led to growth in national pride (patriotism/nationalism)
-The first 40 years of our nation saw a “Virginia Dynasty” in the White House
-James Monroe’s goodwill tour (1817) highlighted a sense of national cohesion
The Adams-Onis Treaty
-The U.S. had previously annexed West Florida
-Andrew Jackson led american troops in the Seminole War
-JQA (secretary of state at the moment) supported Jackson’s actions citing international law
-Talks ensued with the most significant result being the acquisition of Florida
Spain realized that it was in their best interest to negotiate with the US to be able to keep their lands west of the mississippi.
Panic of 1819
First economic crisis
-Demand for American agriculture led to a land boom(more land being occupied and bought, land becomes more expensive)
-Speculators actions then caused land prices to soar (they would buy land then sell it for a profit)
-Unregulated banking practices helped fuel the rising prices(people would get loans and buy property but if they can’t repay the land is taken and then re sold)
-Tightening regulations began in 1819 and led to a financial panic (it’s harder to get loans)
The Missouri Compromise:
-Missouri asked to be admitted as a “slave state” in 1819
-Rep. Tallmadge of NY proposed gradual emancipation in Missouri
-The Tallmadge Amendment sparked a long debate over expansion and slavery
-In a separate bill Maine sought admission as a free state
-Ultimately the Missouri Compromise was adopted
Missouri = Slave State
Maine = Free State
No additional slavery above 36 30’ line in the LPT
The Monroe Doctorine
-U.S. stayed neutral in 1815 when Spain’s american colonies began to revolt
-Despite proclaimed neutrality, the U.S. sold ships & supplies to revolutionaries
-In 1822 Monroe established official relations with 5 newly independent nations
-In 1823 the Monroe Doctrine (mainly the work of JQA) was issued
The Americas are closed to new or further colonization
Any European provocation will be considered an unfriendly act
The U.S., in return, will not interfere in internal European affairs
The Corrupt Bargain
-1824 saw 4 major candidates (Crawford, JQA, Clay, Jackson)
-Nobody received a majority of the electoral college vote (H of R to decide)
-Jackson had a big lead in popular vote and the electoral college
-JQA made a deal with Speaker Clay to support him
-In exchange, JQA would make Clay Secretary of State
-After the plan played out, Jackson and supporters called it a “Corrupt Bargain
JQA Presidency
-Many viewed JQA as illegitimate
-JQA supported infrastructure projects but most were blocked by Congress
-Congress thwarted JQA’s foreign policy (ex. The Panama Conference)
-JQA’s support of the 1828 Tariff (Tariff of Abominations) damaging his reputation
1828 election
-Two party system firmly in place
(National Republicans v Democratic Republicans)
-Jackson won easily (but regional/sectional divisions apparent)
-Jackson’s supporters claimed a new “era of the common man” had begun
