Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health and human Development 1./2 > Chapter 8 - Transition from Youth to Adulthood > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Transition from Youth to Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

Prenatal : age range and major events/developmental milestones

A

Conception up until Birth

Body structures and organs develop
Fetus is vulnerable to environmental factors like toxins/viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Infancy: Age range and major events/developmental milestones

A

Birth - 18 months

  • Growth is rapid
  • Infant needs to adapt its body functions to the external environment - developing temperature control, using grasping reflex
  • Infant learns to eat, crawl, walk and form noises then words
    Social interaction begins through the use of words and imitation of gestures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Toddler-hood : Age range and major events/developmental milestones

A

18 months - 3 years

  • Growth is rapid
  • Infant needs to adapt its body functions to the external environment - developing temperature control, using grasping reflex
  • Infant learns to eat, crawl, walk form noises then words
    Social interaction begins through the use of words and imitation of gestures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Childhood : Age range and major events/developmental milestones

A

3 - 12 years

  • Vocabulary increases
  • Learn basic physical, social, emotional and
    intellectual skills which are continuously refined throughout this stage
  • Growth slows down and is at a steady rate
  • Social interaction increases through use of sophisticated use of language and expression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Youth : Age range and major events/developmental milestones

A

12 - 18 years

  • Stage from late childhood to full maturity
  • Physical and sexual maturity are achieved
  • Social interaction focus moves from family to peers
  • Personal identity becomes important
  • Think abstractly and consider thoughts and opinions of others develops
  • Transition from dependence on other to independence and interdependence
  • Focus on education and career development
  • Exploration of sexuality and intimate relationships
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Early adulthood: Age range and major events/developmental milestones

A

18 - 39 years

  • Peak of physical development is reached,
  • decline in physical abilities may begin
  • Building a career
  • Role models to younger generations
  • Forming permanent intimate relationships
  • Establishing a family
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Middle Adulthood: Age range and major events/developmental milestones

A

40 - 64 years

  • Decline in muscle strength and sensory organs can occur
  • Possible changes in career
  • Family changes - children moving out, grandchildren
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Later Adulthood : Age range and major events/developmental milestones

A

65+ years

  • Adjusting to retirement
  • Coping with possible decline in quality of health and well-being
  • Loss of spouse and changes to family - grandchildren
    Possible loss of memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Growth

A

The measurable changes in the body, mainly due to an increase in the number and size of the body’s cells.

  • Quantitative as it refers to the increase in cell number, size and complexity within the body
  • Increase in height, weight and body mass can be measured
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Development

A

Describes the gradual changes in an individual’s physical, social, emotional and intellectual states and abilities.

  • Requires change
  • Can’t be measured or quantified
  • Involves a gradual and progressive change in ability or capability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Qualitative

A

To measure, count or gain an idea of how much change is occurring by looking at quantities or amounts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Quantitative

A

To make subjective judgement or assumptions about development; describes changes that can’t be measured easily.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Physical Development

A

Changes that relate to people’s size and shape, and therefore body structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Motor Development

A

Form of physical development that relates to the way individuals develop muscle function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Motor skills

A

Ability to move, through gaining and exercising control over the large and small muscles of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gross motor skills

A

Ability to control the movement of large muscle groups within the body.

  • Lifting your head
  • Balancing
  • Walking/running
  • Throwing something
  • Jumping
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Ability to control the movement of smaller muscle groups within the body.

  • Writing
  • Sewing
  • Drawing
  • Imitating subtle facial gestures
  • Pronouncing words (coordination of soft palate, tongue, lips)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Norm

A

A standard, model or pattern generally regarded as typical.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Infancy : Gross/ fine motor skills

A

Gross:

  • Sits without support
  • Crawls
  • Walks with help

Fine
Reaches, grasps, puts objects in mouth
Drops and picks up toy
Builds tower of blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Early Childhood : Gross/fine motor skills

A

Gross:

  • Walks alone
  • Hops, skips and jumps
  • Runs - child still developing control of speed and direction

Fine:

  • Scribbles
  • Paints with whole arm movement
  • Holds crayon with thumb and finger
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Late childhood: Gross/fine motor skills

A

Gross:

  • Runs slightly on toes
  • Balances
  • Hits ball with racket or bat

Fine:

  • Writes with pen using finger movements
  • Manipulates fingers for musical instruments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Youth : Gross/fine motor skills

A

Gross:
- Runs slightly on toes
- Balances
Hits ball with racket or bat

Fine:

  • Writes with pen using finger movements
  • Manipulates fingers for musical instruments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Social development

A

Increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people

24
Q

Socialization

A

Process of acquiring values, attitudes and behavior’s through interacting with others.

25
Q

Peer group

A

Group of individuals who are of similar ages and who share similar interests.

26
Q

Gender

A

Social and psychological dimension of being male or female.

27
Q

Gender role

A

Set of social, cultural and often political expectations that prescribe how females and males behave.

28
Q

Emotional development

A

Feelings and moods, and the ways in which people express, understand and exercise control over them.

29
Q

Self esteem

A

How a person feels about their own abilities and self worth

30
Q

Self concept

A

The idea that individuals have of themselves; who they are, who they want to be, what they value and what they believe others think of them.

31
Q

Intellectual development

A

The ways in which people are able to think and reason.

32
Q

Transition from youth - adulthood: Physically

A
  • Begins with onset of puberty

- Ends with physical maturity

33
Q

Transition from youth - adulthood: Socially

A
  • Begin with dependence on parents and family when making decisions related to interactions with others
  • Ends independence in a number of ways - controlling behavior with others, educationally and financially by establishing form of financial independence from parents/family
34
Q

Transition from youth - adulthood: Emotionally

A
  • Marks beginning of detachment from parents
  • Ends with gaining sense of identity
  • Shift in interest from family to peer relationships
  • Leads to a capacity for deeper intimacy with peers and commitment to loved one
35
Q

Transition from youth - adulthood: Intellectually

A
  • Begins with emergence of more advanced reasoning abilities
  • Ends with ability to entertain hypotheses, weigh possibilities and see situations from others perspectives
36
Q

Social development during youth

A

Begin with dependence on parents and family when making decisions related to interactions with others
Ends independence in a number of ways - controlling behaviour with others, educationally and financially by establishing form of financial independence from parents/family

37
Q

Emotional development during youth

A
  • Marks beginning of detachment from parents
  • Ends with gaining sense of identity
  • Shift in interest from family to peer relationships
  • Leads to a capacity for deeper intimacy with peers and commitment to loved one
38
Q

Intellectual development during youth

A
  • Begins with emergence of more advanced reasoning abilities
  • Ends with ability to entertain hypotheses, weigh possibilities and see situations from others perspectives
39
Q

Physical development during youth

A
  • Begins with onset of puberty

- Ends with physical maturity

40
Q

Hypothalamus function/hormones it produces

A

FUNCTION :
Produces hormones that travel in blood vessels to the pituitary gland, stimulating it to produce other hormones. It links the endocrine system to the nervous system.

HORMONES PRODUCED :
- Hormone releasing factor GH - growth hormone (targets all cells)

  • TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone (acts on thyroid)
  • ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (acts on adrenal glands)
    FSH - follicle stimulating hormone (targets ovaries & testes)
  • LH - luteinizing hormone (targets ovaries & testes)
41
Q

Pituitary gland function/hormones produced

A

FUNCTION:
Activates other glands and produces a number of hormones, including growth hormone.

HORMONES PRODUCED:
Growth hormone

42
Q

Thyroid gland function/hormones produced

A

FUNCTION:
Produces thyroxine which provides overall control of the rate of chemical processes in the body → metabolic rate.

HORMONES PRODUCED:
Thyroxine

43
Q

Adrenal glands function/what it produces

A

FUNCTION:
Produce adrenaline which speeds up heart rate and gets the body ready for emergency action.
Also produce the androgen aldosterone that stimulates the development of some of the male characteristics.

HORMONES PRODUCED:
Adrenal, aldosterone & cortisol

44
Q

Ovaries (Females) Function/what it produces

A

FUNCTION:
Produce female sex hormones (including progesterone & oestrogen) which control body changes at puberty and during the menstrual cycle.

HORMONES PRODUCED:
Oestrogen & progesterone

45
Q

Testes (males) function/what it produces

A

FUNCTION:
Produce male sex hormones (including testosterone) which control the body changes at puberty and also sperm production.

HORMONES PRODUCED:
Testosterone

46
Q

3 types of physical changes:

A
  1. Growth spurt
  2. Development of primary sexual characteristics
  3. Appearance of secondary sexual characteristics
47
Q

Growth spurt:

A

A period involving a rapid increase in height and body mass, which occurs as a consequence of the onset of puberty.

48
Q

Primary and secondary sexual characteristics

A

Primary sexual characteristics:
Characteristics that develop during puberty related to the development of the sex organs and reproductive system of males and females. Enabling them to reproduce.
Ovaries and testes

Secondary sexual characteristics:
Characteristics that develop during puberty, which indicate sexual maturity but are not related to a person’s ability to reproduce.

49
Q

Example of primary/secondary characteristics in males and females

A

Primary :
Males:
- enlargement of testes & thinning and reddening of scrotum
- Peak growth period of reproductive organs occurs 2 years after the beginning of puberty

Females:

  • 2 most important hormones made by ovaries → oestrogen & progesterone (female sex hormones)
  • Ovaries produce a small amount of testosterone (male hormone)

Secondary:
Males:
- Adam’s apple
- Facial hair

Females :

  • Breasts
  • Under arm hair
50
Q

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM :

A

FUNCTION :

Ovary :
Small organ that stores ova (eggs) until they have matured. The ovary will release a mature ovum at the time of ovulation; also produces the sex hormones oestrogen and progesterone

Uterus :
Part of the female reproductive system, also known as the womb; provides a suitable environment for the implantation of a fertilised egg

Fallopian tube :
Also referred to as an oviduct, connects to the uterus; draws in the ovum at the time of ovulation and carries it to the uterus. It is the site where fertilisation takes place

Cervix :
This is the opening at the end of the vagina that leads to the uterus

51
Q

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM :

A

FUNCTION :

Ovary :
Small organ that stores ova (eggs) until they have matured. The ovary will release a mature ovum at the time of ovulation; also produces the sex hormones oestrogen and progesterone

Uterus :
Part of the female reproductive system, also known as the womb; provides a suitable environment for the implantation of a fertilised egg

Fallopian tube :
Also referred to as an oviduct, connects to the uterus; draws in the ovum at the time of ovulation and carries it to the uterus. It is the site where fertilisation takes place

Cervix :
This is the opening at the end of the vagina that leads to the uterus

Vagina :
Also referred to as the birth canal; it is a muscular passage that connects the uterus to the outside of the body

52
Q

Ovulation:

A

The release of the ovum on approximately day 14 of the menstrual cycle.

53
Q

Ovum

A

Also referred to as an egg. It contains the DNA from the female parent and is released by the ovaries.

54
Q

Endometrium

A

Lining of the uterus.

55
Q

Corpus Luteum:

A

Corpus luteum:

The follicle area of the ovary from which an ovum has been released.

56
Q

Moral development

A

Development regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people.

Health and human Development 1./2 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions