Chapter 8: The Thorax and Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

When percussed, healthy lungs sound ________.

A

Resonant

p. 310

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2
Q

___________ ______________ may be heard over the hyperinflated lungs of a patient with COPD or asthma.

A

Generalized hyperresonance.

p. 310

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3
Q

What is the normal estimate of the extent of diaphragmatic excursion?

A

3 to 5.5 cm

p. 311

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4
Q

While listening to the lungs, the whispered voice is normally heard faintly and indistinctly, if at all. Louder, clearer whispered sounds are called ________ ____________.

A

whispered pectoriloquy (p. 315).

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5
Q

In 24 hours, the lungs oxygenate over ____ quarts of blood with over _____ quarts of air in the lungs.
The total surface area of the lungs comprise an area larger than a ______ _____.

A

6,000 quarts
12,000 quarts
tennis court
[USA powerpoint]

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6
Q

You have both ________ and ________ intercostal muscles.

A

internal and external

[USA powerpoint]

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7
Q

The diaphragm is innervated by 2 phrenic nerves that originate, one on each side, as branches of the ________ ______ in the neck. They arise from the anterior rami of cervical nerves __, __, and __, with the major contribution coming from __.

A

cervical plexus
C3, C4, C5
C4
[from Clinical Key online, in Gray’s Anatomy for Students, Chapter 3: Thorax]

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8
Q

Name some of the muscles associated with chest wall movement.

A

Scalenus muscles, sternocleidomastoid, intercostal muscles, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, rectus abdominus
[USA powerpoint]

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9
Q

The lower border of the lung crosses the ___ rib at the midclavicular line and the ___ rib at the midaxillary line.

A

6th
8th
p. 297

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10
Q

Each lung is divided roughly in half by an _______ (major) _______.

A

oblique, fissure

p. 297

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11
Q

The oblique fissure on both lungs, may be approximated by a string that runs from the __ _______ _______ obliquely down and around the chest to the ___ rib at the _____________ line.

A

T3 spinous process
6th
midclavicular line
p. 297

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12
Q

The right lung is further divided by the…

A

…horizontal (minor) fissure.

p. 297

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13
Q

Anteriorly, the right horizontal fissure runs close to the ___ rib and meets the oblique fissure in the ___________ line near the ___ rib.

A

4th
midaxillary
5th
p. 297

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14
Q

Knowing your patient’s history of __________ or _____________ exposure is important.

A

employment
environmental
p. 297

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15
Q

A dry, hacking cough often results from…

A
...Viral infections
Interstitial lung disease
Tumor
Allergies
Anxiety
[USA powerpoint]
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16
Q

Chronic productive coughs often result from…

A
(A-BB-C-T)
Abscess
Bacterial pneumonia
Bronchiectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Tuberculosis
[USA powerpoint]
17
Q

Tactile fremitus is decreased or absent when the transmission of vibrations from the larynx to the surface of the chest is impeded by a…

A

…thick chest wall, obstructed bronchus, COPD, or pleural changes from effusion, fibrosis, air (pneumothorax) or a tumor/mass
(p. 307)

18
Q

Bronchophony is the…

A

…increased transmission of voice sounds, suggesting that air-filled lung has become airless.

19
Q

Bronchophony is increased over areas of…

A

…consolidation such as in pneumonia, pulmonary edema, or pulmonary hemorrhage.
(p. 330)