Chapter 18: Assessing Children: Infancy Through Adolescence

Question 1

In utero infection by Treponema pallidum usually occurs after the 16th week of gestation and affects virtually all fetal organs. If it is not treated, __% of infected babies die before birth and another 30% shortly thereafter.

Answer 1

25%

[p. 882]

Question 2

Facial stigmata shown here include bulging of the frontal bones (frontal bossing), and nasal bridge depression (saddle nose), both from ___________; rhinitis from weeping nasal mucosal lesions (snuffles); and a circumoral rash.

Answer 2

periostitis

[p. 882]

Question 3

What is frontal bossing?

Answer 3

Abnormal prominence of the frontal bones. This is a rare finding on fetal sonography.

[From “Diagnostic Ultrasound”: The Fetal Face and Neck; retrieved from Clinical Key]

Question 4

Frontal bossing is associated with the following diagnoses:

Answer 4

achondroplasia
acromegaly
basal cell nevus
cleidocranial dysostosis
congenital syphilis
Crouzon syndrome
fetal trimethadione
Pfeiffer syndrome
Russell-Silver syndrome
Thanatophoric dysplasia 

[From “Diagnostic Ultrasound”: The Fetal Face and Neck; retrieved from Clinical Key]