Chapter 8: The Social World

Question 1

Industry vs Inferiority

Answer 1

The fourth of Erikson’s eight
psychosocial crises, during which children attempt to master many skills, developing a sense of themselves as either accomplished or a failure, competent or incompetent.

Question 2

Parentification

Answer 2

When a child acts more like a parent than a child. This may occur if the actual parents do not act as caregivers, making a child feel responsible for
the family.

Question 3

Nuclear Family

Answer 3

A family that consists of a father, a

mother, and their biological children

Question 4

Extended Family

Answer 4

A family of three or more generations living in one household.

Question 5

Polygamous family

Answer 5

A family consisting of one man, more

than one wife, and their children.

Question 6

Aggressive-rejected

Answer 6

A child who is not liked by peers because of his or her provocative, confrontational behavior.

Question 7

Withdrawn-Rejected

Answer 7

A child who avoids social interaction
with peers. Other children do not want to be friends with such a child because of his or her timid, isolative,
and anxious behavior.

Question 8

Bully-Victim

Answer 8

Someone who attacks others and who is attacked as well. (Also called
provocative victims because they do things that elicit bullying.)

Question 9

Preconventional Moral Reasoning

Answer 9

Kohlberg’s first level of moral

reasoning, emphasizing personal rewards and punishments.

Question 10

Conventional Moral Reasoning

Answer 10

Kohlberg’s second level of moral reasoning, emphasizing social rules
and laws.

Question 11

Postconventional Moral Reasoning

Answer 11

Kohlberg’s third level of moral reasoning, emphasizing principles
thought to be universal.
- do what is right even it means breaking the rules