Chapter 7

Question 1

Hidden Curriculum

Answer 1

The unofficial, unstated, or implicit rules and priorities that influence the
curriculum, organization, and setting in a school.
- ie) middle age children more likely to ask for help than lower class, who fear getting criticized.

Question 2

Trends in Math and Science Study (TIMSS)

Answer 2

An international assessment of the math and science skills of fourth- and
eighth-graders.

Question 3

Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS)

Answer 3

Inaugurated in 2001, a planned five year
cycle of international trend
studies in the reading ability.

Question 4

No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)

Answer 4

A U.S. law enacted in 2001 that was
intended to increase accountability
in education by requiring states to qualify for federal educational funding
by administering standardized tests to measure school achievement.

Question 5

National Assessment of Educational

Progress (NAEP)

Answer 5

An ongoing and nationally
representative measure of U.S. children’s achievement in reading, mathematics, and other subjects
over time; nicknamed “the Nation’s Report Card.”

Question 6

Charter Schools

Answer 6

Public schools with their own set of standards funded and licensed by the
state or local district in which they are located.

Question 7

Private Schools

Answer 7

Schools funded by parents and sponsoring institutions. Such schools
have control over admissions, hiring, and specifics of curriculum, although
some regulations apply.

Question 8

Vouchers

Answer 8

monetary commitment by the
government to pay for the education
of a child. Vouchers vary a great deal
from place to place, not only in amount
and availability, but in who gets them
and what schools accept them.

Question 9

Developmental Psychopathology

Answer 9

The field that uses insights into typical
development to understand and remediate developmental disorders.
- links the study of usual development with the
study of children with unusual brain or behavior patterns

Question 10

Aptitude

Answer 10

The potential to master a specific skill or to learn a certain body of knowledge.

Question 11

Flynn effect

Answer 11

The rise in average IQ scores that has occurred over the decades in many nations.

Question 12

Multiple Intelligences

Answer 12

The idea that human intelligence
is comprised of a varied set of
abilities rather than a single, all-encompassing
one.

Question 13

Multifinality

Answer 13

A basic principle of developmental
psychopathology which holds that one cause can have many (multiple) final
manifestations.

Question 14

Equifinality

Answer 14

A basic principle of developmental

psychopathology that holds that one symptom can have many causes.

Question 15

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 15

A condition in which a person not only
has difficulty concentrating but also is
inattentive, impulsive, and overactive.

Question 16

Specific Learning Disorder

Answer 16

A marked deficit in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, or by an
unusually stressful home environment.

Question 17

Dyslexia

Answer 17

A specific learning disorder
characterized by unusual difficulty with
reading.

Question 18

Dyscalculia

Answer 18

A specific learning disorder
characterized by unusual difficulty with
math.

Question 19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 19

Any of several conditions
characterized by inadequate social skills, impaired communication, and
unusual play.

Question 20

Neurodiversity

Answer 20

The idea that people with special needs have diverse brain structures,
with each person having neurological strengths and weaknesses that should
be appreciated, in much the same way diverse cultures and ethnicities are
welcomed.

Question 21

Response to Intervention

Answer 21

An educational strategy that uses early intervention to help children
who demonstrate below-average achievement. Only children who are
not helped are designated for more intense measures.

Question 22

Individual Education Plan (IEP)

Answer 22

A document that specifies educational goals and plans for a child with special
needs.