Chapter 8 Test 🌋 Flashcards
A depositional mountain landform built from solidified magma from deep in the earth
Volcano
The word that refers to anything having to do with molten earth materials
Igneous
A hole that widens forms a:
Vent
What magma turns into after erupting
Lava
Molten rock that is inside of the earth
Magma
A depression at the top of a cone
Crater
Lava with a smoothly wrinkled, ropey surface
Pahoehoe
Lava with a splintered, sharply fractured surface
‘a’a
A liquid that resists flowing (honey, molasses, etc.)
Viscous
Vents in the ground where steam and other gases from volcanic activity escape
Fumaroles
Ash, cinders, bombs are called
Pyroclastic Material
A layer of loose pyroclastic materials and ash covering the ground
Tephra
Thick layers of igneous rocks that cover large areas
Flood Basalts
Eruptions of mostly runny, basaltic lavas form:
Shield Volcanoes
Eruptions of bursts of gases that eject mostly pyroclastic materials form:
Cinder Cone
Eruptions that alternately eject lava and pyroclastic materials form:
Stratovolcanoes
A volcano that is currently erupting or has been observed to erupt
Active Volcano
An inactive but uneroded volcano
Dormant Volcano
A volcano that shows no signs of seismic or volcanic activity
Extinct Volcano
The indicator of a volcano’s destructiveness
Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)
This occurs when magma works its way into cracks and spaces inside the crust near volcanic vents
Intrusive Volcanism
Horizontal shelf-like igneous formations
Sills
Vertical wall-like igneous formations
Dikes
Large amounts of magma collected in huge chambers within the crust and then cooled and hardened
Plutons
The largest type of pluton
Batholiths
Smaller plutons that seem to have formed from blobs of magma collected at the tops of deep dikes
Laccoliths
The rate of temperature change with depth
Geothermal Gradient
A repeating system of water cooling and heating back up
Hydrothermal Circuit
A hot spring that forcefully ejects water from the ground at regular intervals
Geyser
Energy that is created by magma
Geothermal Energy
