Chapter 8 - Sustainability ( Final )

Question 1

3 ways to bring earths carrying capacity back into balance

Answer 1

1. technology innovation
2. changing consumption habits
3. getting the prices right

Question 2

technology innovation

Answer 2

develop new tech. to produce energy, food, and other necessities more efficiently and with less waste

Question 3

sustainability

Answer 3

advocacy of the preservation or improvement of the economic, and social well being of all people, and the natural environment

Question 4

capitalism

Answer 4

an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by private investment, and prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by a competition in a free market

Question 5

Conventional capitalism

Answer 5

1. economic progress is best served in a free-market systems
2. profitability is linked to operational efficiencies and expanding markets.
3. growth in GDP maximizes well-being
4. free enterprises and market forces will direct people and resources to their best use
5. critics = 19th and 20th century, labour overworked and scare while natural capital was abundant and unexploited- today opposite occurs

Question 6

environmental crisis: Market Solution

Answer 6

• businesses have an obligation to obey the law and avoid negligence however they do now have to avoid harm.
• citizens determine environmental laws and businesses cannot be opposed to consumer demand

Question 7

environmental crisis : Market solution

- first caveat

Answer 7

• businesses should not expose enviro legislation or or regulation

Question 8

environmental crisis : Market solution

- second caveat

Answer 8

businesses have a special obligation to educate consumers about environmentally friendly choices

Question 9

Objection to market solution for an environmental crisis

Answer 9

• ” citizens determine environmental laws and businesses cannot deny consumer demands”

OBJECTION - nations where TNCs conduct business lack democratic input. The preferences of non-US citizens are not taken into account

Question 10

Roles of Consumers

Answer 10

• consumers lack an accurate understanding of the causes of GHG and their preferences are easily influences

Question 11

consumer choices

Answer 11

• businesses don’t always satisfy consumer choices
• consumers are limited with their choices
• no laboratory experiments

Question 12

Objections to the market solution (part 2)

Answer 12

harm to others
- US consumers use a disproportionate amount of atmospheric recourses, therefore non-US consumers receive excess amounts of harm - not proportionate to the levels of atmospheric resources they use

responsibility to the past

• it is not fair to make someone pay for the costs of benefits someone has not given consent to
• transportation and electricity sector should be held accountable for their for their GHG up-to-date
• history does matter - how did we get here

Question 13

The regulatory solution - Paris

Answer 13

the Paris Climate change agreement
- UNFCCC: United nations framework convention on Climate change
requirements
- hold the global avg. temp 2 degrees celcius above the industrial revolutionary levels
- adapts to the adverse impacts of climate change in a manner that does not threaten food productions
- financial flows consistent with objectives
- nationally contributes contributions
- name and shame
- US and Nicaragua didn’t sign the Paris agreement

Question 14

hybrid solution: creative capitalism

Answer 14

1. Bills gates
   - “ the world is getting better”
   - the status of woman and minority improve
   - life expectancy doubles
   - governance, political and economic freedom
2. Make self - interest serve the wider interest
   - gov: market incentives , including profits and recognition to do more for the poor
   - offer valuable goods to the poor
   - help businesses in poor worlds reach businesses in rich markets ( free trade vs fait trade)
   - DEDICATE a % of top innovators time to issues affecting the bottom of the pyramid

Question 15

arguments of the regulatory solution (paris agreement)

Answer 15

• (developing countries) shouldnt be punished for a problem they didnt create nor denied the opp. for clean growth (- justin trudeau
• liberals are misleading canadians saying everything is a win-win - fighting climate change is a big issues and Canadians have ti discuss who pays for it (- ed fast)
• can others in the world live better if consumption in the west continues to grow ?