Chapter 8: States of Matter Flashcards
Solid
A definite shape. the shape of a solid never changes unless acted on by an outside force
Liquid
A definite volume. no matter the container or position of the object its length width and height never changes unless acted on by an outside force
Gas
A changeable shape. A gas takes the shape of whatever container it is found in.
Plasma
Large amount of thermal energy. when added to matter a decrease I thermal energy. when matter added to plasma a large increase in thermal energy.
Crystalline Solids
Solids with regular patterns form crystals.
Amorphous Solids
Solids without regular repeating patterns.
Surface Tension
Molecules of a liquid are always pulling inward. This brings the molecules of the surface close together.
Viscosity
A liquids resistance to flowing
Fluids
A substance that flows
Liquefaction
The change from a solid to a liquid
Solidification
The change from a liquid to a solid
Vaporization
The change from liquid to gas
Sublimation
When particles of a solid gain energy and form gas
Pressure
Gas particles constantly collide with one another and with the walls of the container they’re in
Temperature
a measure of the average energy of random motion of particles in a substance
Volume
The amount of matter in a given space
Dependent Variable
that depends on other factors
Independent Variable
It is a variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure.
Inversely Proportional
When the value of one quantity increases with respect to decrease in other or vice-versa
Directly Proportional
if one quantity goes up by a certain percentage, the other quantity goes up by the same percentage as well.
How does thermal temperature change States of matter?
Solid to liquid.
Increase in thermal energy.
Solid to gas.
Increase in thermal energy.
Liquid to gas.
Increase in thermal energy.
Gas to solid.
Decrease in thermal energy.
Gas to liquid.
Decrease in thermal energy.
Liquid to solid.
Decrease in thermal energy.
particle arrangement in Solids liquids and gases
Solid - closely packed together
Liquid - loosely packed
Gas - very far apart
Differences between melting and freezing points.
freezing- At this point the molecules in water begin to move slower and slower, forming regular patterns.
melting - Many scientists will compare melting points of substances to identify an unknown substance.
Condensation
Particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid.
how to calculate P or pressure
P = F\a
Boyle’s law
Describes the relation between pressure and volume.
Boiling point
Temperature in which a liquid boils
