Chapter 7 Foundations of Chemistry Study Guide Flashcards
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Substance
A single kind of matter that is pure
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into another substance by chemical or physical means.
Atom
The smallest piece of an element
Molecule
Are formed when groups of two or more atoms create chemical bonds between one another
Compound
Made from two or more elements
Mixture
Are not pure substances
Mass
The amount of matter in an object
The law of Conservation of Mass\Matter
Matter is not created nor is it destroyed during a chemical or physical change
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change
Kinetic Energy
Energy of moving things
Potential Energy
Energy stored in an object because of its position
Physical Change
Any change that results in a change in shape or form
Chemical Change
Happens when a substance is transformed into a different substance
difference between a physical and chemical property
Chemical - ability to change into different substance
Physical - without changing into another substance
Chemical properties example
Burning wood, rusting, mold
Physical properties example
Freezing\Boiling point, Hardness, Texture, Color
Difference between mixture and a compound
Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties
Mixture examples
Soil, Air, Brass
Compound examples
Water, sodium chlorine, Alcohol
What are some ways to separate a mixture
Magnetism, Filtering, Distillation, Evaporation
Compare and contrast mass and weight
Similarities - They can both be measured,
Differences - mass will never change no matter where you are
weight can change depending on the force of gravity
Volume formula
Length x Width x Height
Density formula
Mass divided by Volume
4 states of matter
Solids, Liquids, Gas, Plasma
physical change cycle
solids melt to liquid, liquid evaporates to gas, gas condenses to liquid, liquid freezes to solid,
note ; Liquids CAN turn directly to gas ( Sublimation )
differences between thermal energy and temperature
Temperature is the movement of particles and T.E is how much or little they move
difference between an endothermic and exothermic change.
endothermic is when energy is taken in and exothermic is when energy is given off
5 types of energy
Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy, Chemical Energy, Electromagnetic Energy, Electrical Energy.
Differences between the 5 types of energy
Potential-stores energy due to position
Chemical- stores energy in chemical bonds
Kinetic-energy that moves things
Electromagnetic - travels through space as waves
Electrical - charges particles that are moving
how are the particles of matter arranged in all four states of matter.
Solid - particles are packed together tightly
Liquid - particles are spread slightly more than solid
Gas - particles are the furthest apart
Plasma - not fixed in place (varys)
