Chapter 8- Remembering Complex Event Flashcards
Hyperthymesia:
• Superior autobiographical recall
• Ability to recall every single day of their lives, over the span of many years
No other advantage in remembering other sort of content or performing other mental tasks
Memory Errors:
• Remembering things that never happened
i.e. A year after a plane crash, people were asked to describe a film about the crash, but a film was never made
Transplant Errors:
• Information in one context transplanted into another context
Occurs when too many memories are made, lose track which information was contained in which event
Intrusion Errors:
• Errors in which other knowledge intrudes into remembered event
Occur because connections can make it difficult to see where remembered episode stops and other, related knowledge begins
DRM Procedure:
• Participants given a list of words to memorize and recall that are associated with a specific theme (i.e. sleep- bed, rest, dream)
Participants just as likely to recall “sleep” as actual words on list, and are as confident in their recall of “sleep” as other words on list
Schematic Knowledge:
• Summarize broad pattern of what’s normal in a situation
• i.e. Kitchen scheme- has a stove, but not a piano…etc
Helps in filling in gaps in memory (i.e. include menus during a recall of dinner, even though you don’t actually remember seeing a menu)
Planting False Memories:
• Participant experiences an event and then exposed to misleading suggestion about how the event unfolded
• Time passes, participant’s memory is tested
• Substantial number of participants end up incorporating false suggestions into their memory of the original event
i.e. “how fast were the cars going when they hit” vs “how fast were the cars going when they smashed”…. A week later asked participants if they remembered broken glass. Group that were asked “how fast were the cars going when they smashed” remembered broken glass, other group didn’t
Misinformation Effect:
Memory errors that result from some form of post event misinformation
Errors Encourage Through “Evidence”:
Students told and asked to recall a “memory” their parents provided (some of them were real and some never happened”. When a photo of their parents was provided, they are more likely to remember the fake event
Memory Confidence:
• People more likely to believe someone if they are confident about their memories
Little relationship between how certain someone says they are in recalling the past and how accurate that recollection is
Retention Interval:
• Amount of time that elapses between initial learning and subsequent retrieval
Larger intervals mean you are likely to forget more of the earlier event
Decay:
• Memories fade with time
Could be result of relevant brain cells dying
Interference Theory:
• Passage of time correlated with forgetting but does not cause forgetting
Passage of time creates opportunity for new learning, new learning disrupts for older memories
Retrieval Failure:
Greater the retention interval, the greater the likelihood that your perspective has changed, greater the likelihood of retrieval failure
TOT Phenomenon:
• Tip of their tongue phenomenon
Example of partial retrieval failure
