Chapter 8- Reinforcement

Question 0

How do you make reinforcers contingent?

Answer 0

The reinforcing stimuli must be presented to the student relying on the production of the requested behavior

Question 1

3 key words in the definition of positive reinforcement

Answer 1

increases
presentation
contingent

Question 2

Primary reinforcers

Answer 2

Can be an edible or sensory reinforcer. Stimuli that have biological importance to an individual.

Question 3

Secondary reinforcer

Answer 3

Something that should eventually replace primary reinforcers. Include social stimuli.

Question 4

Satiation

Answer 4

A condition that occurs when there is no longer a state of deprivation

Question 5

Deprivation

Answer 5

A condition in which the student has not had access to a potential reinforcer

Question 6

Pairing

Answer 6

Simultaneous presentation of primary and secondary reinforcers to condition the secondary reinforcer.

Question 7

Premack Principle

Answer 7

Example: A mother telling their child that they can play outside after they eat their broccoli at dinner.

Question 8

Generalized conditioned reinforcer

Answer 8

When a reinforcer has been associated with a variety of other primary or secondary reinforcers.

Question 9

Token reinforcers

Answer 9

symbolic representations exchangeable for some item or activity of value to students

Question 10

back up reinforcers

Answer 10

tokens that have value to the students

Question 11

two elements that make a contract more effective

Answer 11

Contains precisely written statements describing the behavior that is required.
To reward the performance after it occurs

Question 12

Dependent group-oriented contingency system

Answer 12

the same response contingencies are simultaneously in effect for all members

Question 13

independent group-oriented contingency system

Answer 13

the same response contingencies are simultaneously in effect for all group members but are applied to performances on an individual basis.

Question 14

interdependent group-oriented contingency

Answer 14

the same response contingencies are simultaneously in effect for all group members but are applied to a level of group performance

Question 15

Why is it necessary to thin a reinforcement system?

Answer 15

Because that is ho students eventually learn. Reinforcement gradually becomes available less often or becomes contingent on greater amounts of appropriate behaivor

Question 16

natural reinforcers

Answer 16

reinforcement is a natural occurring process. It helps students manage behavior and they can be more motivated by a reinforcer that is something they will be able to apply the results to easily.