Chapter 8 - Psychoanalytic Perspective

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

Enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and acting that characterize a person’s response to a situation

Question 2

What are Behaviors?

Answer 2

Components of identity attributed to Personality, perceived as having an internal cause, organization, and structure.

Question 3

The Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 3

Approach to personality that emphasizes unconscious processes and childhood experiences

Question 4

Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 4

Freud’s approach to personality that emphasizes the unconscious part of the mind and psychic energy

Question 5

Conscious

Answer 5

Immediate awareness of current environment

Question 6

Preconscious

Answer 6

Available to awareness (e.g., names of friends, home address)

Question 7

Unconscious

Answer 7

Unavailable to awareness (infantile memories, repressed wishes and conflicts)

Question 8

Conflict, Anxiety, Defense

Answer 8

Common defense mechanisms used by the ego to cope with anxiety and conflict

Question 9

Oral

Answer 9

Stage of psychosexual development focused on the mouth, age 0-2

Question 10

Anal

Answer 10

Stage of psychosexual development focused on the anus, age 2-3

Question 11

Phallic

Answer 11

Stage of psychosexual development focused on the genitals, age 4-6. Invloves Oedipus complex

Question 12

Latency

Answer 12

Stage of psychosexual development focused on social relationships, age 7-puberty

Question 13

Genital

Answer 13

Stage of psychosexual development focused on mature social and sexual relationships, puberty on

Question 14

Freud’s Legacy: Neoanalytic and Object Relations Approaches

Answer 14

Approaches to personality that build upon Freud’s theories. Object relations theory focuses on the ways in which an individual’s early relationships with their caregivers shape their internalized representations, or “objects,” of themselves and others

Question 15

What are the three components of the mind in Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory?

Answer 15

Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious, which respectively contain the Ego + Superego, Ego + Superego, and Id + Superego.

Question 16

What are the key principles of the Id, Ego, and Superego?

Answer 16

The Id is driven by the Pleasure principle, the Ego by the Reality principle, and the Superego by the Morals principle.

Question 17

What are some common Defense Mechanisms in Psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 17

Displacement, Sublimation, Regression, Repression, Denial, Projection, and Rationalization.

Question 18

Displacement

Answer 18

Redirecting one’s emotional impulses or aggression from the original source to a substitute target.

Question 19

Sublimation

Answer 19

Channeling negative impulses into positive and socially acceptable behaviors.

Question 20

Regression

Answer 20

Reverting to an earlier stage of development or a previous behavior pattern when faced with anxiety or stress.

Question 21

Repression

Answer 21

The unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts, feelings, and memories.

Question 22

Denial

Answer 22

Refusing to acknowledge or accept a threatening situation or reality.

Question 23

Projection

Answer 23

Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to others.

Question 24

Rationalization

Answer 24

Justifying or explaining away one’s actions or feelings with seemingly reasonable explanations.

Question 25

What are the stages of Psychosexual Development?

Answer 25

Oral (0-2 years), Anal (2-3 years), Phallic (4-6 years), Latency (7-puberty), and Genital (puberty on).

Question 26

What is the key task and erogenous zone for each stage of Psychosexual Development?

Answer 26

Oral (Weaning, Mouth), Anal (Toilet Training, Anus), Phallic (Resolving Oedipus complex, Genitals), Latency (Developing social relationships, None), and Genital (Developing mature social and sexual relationships, Genitals).

Question 27

Who were some of the key figures in Neoanalytic Approaches to Personality?

Answer 27

Adler, Horney, Erickson, and Jung.

Question 28

What motivated Adler’s theory of Personality?

Answer 28

Social interest and the striving for superiority.