Chapter 8 - Humanistic Perspective

Question 1

What is the Humanistic Approach?

Answer 1

Focuses on individual’s subjective experience and innate desire to self-actualize.

Question 2

What is Abraham Maslow known for?

Answer 2

Proposed the hierarchy of needs theory and self-actualization as the ultimate goal of human behavior.

Question 3

What is George Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory?

Answer 3

Individuals use personal constructs to make sense of the world.

Question 4

What are Personal Constructs?

Answer 4

Cognitive categories which sort the people and events in their lives.

Question 5

What is Fixed-role therapy?

Answer 5

Designed to help individuals break away from destructive patterns of behavior.

Question 6

What is Carl Rogers Self Theory?

Answer 6

Emphasizes the importance of self-concept in shaping an individual’s behavior.

Question 7

What is Self-concept?

Answer 7

An organized, consistent set of perceptions and beliefs about oneself.

Question 8

What is the Central concept in Self Theory?

Answer 8

Guides perceptions and directs behavior.

Question 9

What is Self-consistency?

Answer 9

The need to maintain a consistent self-concept

Question 10

What is Congruence?

Answer 10

When experience is consistent with the self-concept

Question 11

What causes Anxiety in Self-Theory?

Answer 11

A result of incongruence between self-concept and experience

Question 12

What do Healthy individuals do in Self Theory?

Answer 12

Modify self-concept to match experience.

Question 13

What is Self-esteem?

Answer 13

How positively or negatively we feel about ourselves.

Question 14

What are the characteristics of High Self-esteem?

Answer 14

Associated with fewer interpersonal problems, higher achievement.

Question 15

What are the consequences of Poor Self-esteem?

Answer 15

Associated with anxiety, depression, poor achievement, and relationships.

Question 16

What is the Need for Positive Regard?

Answer 16

The need for acceptance, sympathy, and love.

Question 17

What is the difference between Unconditional and Conditional Positive Regard?

Answer 17

Affects an individual’s sense of self-worth.

Question 18

What does Positive self-regard mean?

Answer 18

Experience of being understood and valued gives us freedom to grow.

Question 19

What happens when there is a lack of Positive Regard in Self Theory?

Answer 19

Individuals internalize the expectations of others.

Question 20

What are some criticisms of Humanistic Theories?

Answer 20

Criticized for being too reliant on self-reports and not scientific enough.

Question 21

What is the difference between Perceived self and Ideal self?

Answer 21

Discrepancy can lead to feelings of anxiety and low self-esteem.