chapter 8 Psych vocab Flashcards

1
Q

A relativley permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience.

A

Learning

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2
Q

Learning that certain events happen together.

A

Associative Learning

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3
Q

A type of learning where an organism comes to associate stimuli.

A

Classical conditioning

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4
Q

The view that Psychology should bean objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes.

A

Behaviorism

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5
Q

In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus.

A

Unconditional response

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6
Q

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditoinally triggers a response.

A

Unconditional Stimulus

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7
Q

In classical conditoining, the learned responcse to a previsely neutral stimulus

A

Conditioned Response

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8
Q

In classical conditioning, on origionally irrevilent stimulus that, after association with an unconditional stimulus, comes to trigger a conditional response.

A

Conditioned Stimulus

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9
Q

The initial stage in classical conditoining; the phase associating the neural stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus so that the neural stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response.

A

Acquisition

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10
Q

The deminishing of a conditional respomnse; occurs in classical conditoining when an uncondioned stimulus does not follow from a conditioned stimulus.

A

Extenction

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11
Q

The reapperance after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response.

A

Spontanesous Recovery

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12
Q

The tendance once an response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit simular responses.

A

Generalization

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13
Q

In classical conditining the ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.

A

Discrimination

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14
Q

A type of learing in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.

A

Operant Conditioning

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15
Q

behavior that occurs as an automatic responseto some stimulus; Skinner’s term for behavior learned through classical conditioning.

A

Respondant Behavior

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16
Q

behavior that operates on the enviroment producing consequences.

A

Operant Behavior

17
Q

Thornfike’s principle that behaviors are followed by favorable consequences become more likley, and that behaviors followd by unfavorable concequences become less likely.

A

Law of Effect

18
Q

A chamber aslo known as a Skinner box, containing a bar or key that an animal can minuplate to obtain food or water as a reinforcement.

A

Operant Chamber

19
Q

an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer arpoximations of the desired behavior.

20
Q

In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the event it follows.

A

Reinforcer

21
Q

Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food.

A

Positive Reinforcement

22
Q

increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli.

A

Negative Reinforcement

23
Q

An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need.

A

Primary Reinforcer

24
Q

a stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer.

A

Conditioned Reinforcer

25
reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs.
Continus Reinforcement
26
reinforcing a respinse only part of the time.
Partial Reinforcement
27
in operant conditoining, a reinforcment schedule that reinforces a response only after a specific number of responses.
Fixed-Ratio Schedule
28
in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses.
Variable-Ratio Schedule
29
In operarnt conditoining, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elasped.
Fixed-Interival Schedule
30
in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable time interivles.
Variable-Interival Schedule
31
An event that decreases the behavior that is follows.
Punishment
32
A mental representation of the layout of one's enviroment.
Cognitive Map
33
Learning that occurs but is not present until there is an incintive to demonstrate it.
Latent Learning
34
A desire to learn for its own sake.
Intrinsic Learning
35
Learning by observing others.
Observational Learning
36
The process of obseriving and imitating a specific behavior.
Modeling
37
frontal lobe neurons that fire when preforming certain actions or when observing another doing so.
Mirrior Neurons
38
positive, constructive, helpful behavior.
Prosocial Behavior